Publication:
Informal Financial Markets and Financial Intermediation in Four African Countries

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dc.contributor.authorAryeetey, Ernest
dc.contributor.authorHettige, Hemamala
dc.contributor.authorNissanke, Machiko
dc.contributor.authorSteel, William
dc.date.accessioned2012-08-13T09:57:09Z
dc.date.available2012-08-13T09:57:09Z
dc.date.issued1997-01
dc.description.abstractA study of both informal and formal financial markets in Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania, Financial Market Fragmentation and Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa, shows that informal institutions use specialized methods to serve broad segments of the population that lack access to banks. Although they have responded positively in a liberalized environment, fragmentation into isolated market segments persists. Greater efforts are needed to integrate informal institutions into financial development strategies. The study investigated structural problems such as imperfect information and costly contract enforcement and institutional weaknesses in banking systems and the legal framework that cause wide differences across lenders in the costs of screening, monitoring and enforcing loans. Poor information systems in low-income countries raise the cost to formal institutions of acquiring information on any but the largest clients. In contrast, informal agents utilize personal relationships, social sanctions and various collateral substitutes to serve market segments that remain beyond the reach of formal banks.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1997/01/12850771/informal-financial-markets-financial-intermediation-four-african-countries
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/9945
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/9945
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAfrica Region Findings & Good Practice Infobriefs; No. 79
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO BANKS
dc.subjectACCESS TO FORMAL FINANCE
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCE
dc.subjectBALANCE SHEET
dc.subjectBANK LOANS
dc.subjectBANKING ASSETS
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectBANKS
dc.subjectBUDGET DEFICIT
dc.subjectCAPITAL BASE
dc.subjectCASH ADVANCES
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANKS
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY BANKS
dc.subjectCONTRACT ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectCOOPERATIVES
dc.subjectCREDIT ALLOCATION
dc.subjectCREDIT ASSOCIATIONS
dc.subjectCREDIT COOPERATIVES
dc.subjectCREDIT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectCREDIT UNIONS
dc.subjectDEFICIT FINANCING
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR CREDIT
dc.subjectDEPOSIT
dc.subjectDEPOSITS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANKS
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectESTATE
dc.subjectEXCESS DEMAND
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFINANCE COMPANIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKET
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL TRANSACTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
dc.subjectFORMAL BANKS
dc.subjectFORMAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SAVINGS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFORMAL FINANCE
dc.subjectINFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectINFORMAL LENDERS
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE CEILINGS
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectLACK OF ACCESS
dc.subjectLEGAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLENDERS
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLOANABLE FUNDS
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMARKET ENTRY
dc.subjectMARKET FRAGMENTATION
dc.subjectMICROENTERPRISES
dc.subjectMONEYLENDERS
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectOPERATING COSTS
dc.subjectOVERHEAD COSTS
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC BUDGET
dc.subjectRECAPITALIZATION
dc.subjectREPAYMENT
dc.subjectREPAYMENT RATES
dc.subjectRETURN
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRISK PROFILES
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSHARE CAPITAL
dc.subjectSHORT-TERM LIQUIDITY
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESSES
dc.subjectSMALL LOANS
dc.subjectSOCIAL NETWORKS
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL PROBLEMS
dc.subjectSUPERVISORY AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectSURPLUS FUNDS
dc.subjectTRACK RECORD
dc.subjectTRADING
dc.subjectTRANSACTION
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectWORKING CAPITAL
dc.titleInformal Financial Markets and Financial Intermediation in Four African Countriesen
dc.title.alternativeLes marches financiers informels et l'intermediation financiere dans 4 pays africainsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2010-10-11
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-29T09:45:09.151721Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Brief
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1997/01/12850771/informal-financial-markets-financial-intermediation-four-african-countries
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid800841467990343381
okr.guid331231468007810491
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333038_20101011033553
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum12850771
okr.identifier.report57051
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/10/11/000333038_20101011033553/Rendered/PDF/570510BRI0Find10Box353745B01PUBLIC1.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Debt Markets
okr.topicBanks and Banking Reform
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress
okr.unitAFT: PREM 1 (AFTP1)
okr.volume1 of 1
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