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HIV/AIDS in the Western Balkans : Priorities for Early Prevention in a High-Risk Environment

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dc.contributor.authorGodinho, Joana
dc.contributor.authorJaganjac, Nedim
dc.contributor.authorEckertz, Dorothee
dc.contributor.authorRenton, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorNovotny, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorGarbus, Lias
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-06T18:16:00Z
dc.date.available2012-06-06T18:16:00Z
dc.date.issued2005
dc.description.abstractIn recent years, Europe and Central Asia (ECA) has seen the world's fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. The Balkans countries and territories under study - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, and the UN-administered Kosovo -- have reported over 2,000 HIV/AIDS cases since the beginning of the epidemic in 1985. In ECA, HIV/AIDS disproportionably affects the youth population: 80 percent of HIV infected people are 30 years old or younger. This study confirms that the Balkans region faces a triple jeopardy: 1) All structural factors are present to drive epidemics transmitted predominantly by heterosexual drug users; 2) Conflict and economic decline handicap the ability of governments and civil society to make an effective response; and 3) Old ideologies and vested interests are set against key elements of intervention known to be effective. Although the low number of cases identified, and lack of reliability of existing data, do not allow future trends of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Balkans to be predicted with certainty, a potential epidemic may develop or be halted in one of three ways: Following the pattern of the epidemic in other regional countries, it can become concentrated among intravenous drug users and eventually spread to other groups of the population through sexual contact. If Injecting drug use does not become widespread, sexual transmission can continue to be the most likely route for transmitting the infection and establishing the epidemic. An epidemic is prevented through early concerted efforts by the public sector, nongovernmental organizations, and the international community who closely cooperate with young people at high risk of being infected or that are already infected. In this scenario, highly vulnerable groups reduce the harm of injecting drugs by avoiding associated risky practices such as sharing needles and syringes; and both highly vulnerable groups and vulnerable groups such as youth increase their knowledge about the epidemic and adopt safe sex practices. The study concludes that to decrease the risk of an HIV/AIDS epidemic spreading throughout the Balkans region, and becoming a long-term development problem as it has happened in other regions, requires a mix of interventions aimed at reducing the risk of infection in the short term, and interventions aimed at tackling structural factors in the medium to long term. However, political commitment has to increase for action to occur promptly.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/01/6373880/hivaids-western-balkans-priorities-early-prevention-high-risk-environment
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/0-8213-6394-8
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-6394-2
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/7291
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Working Paper No. 68
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
dc.subjectACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
dc.subjectAIDS CASES
dc.subjectAIDS COMMITTEES
dc.subjectAIDS DEATHS
dc.subjectAIDS EPIDEMIC
dc.subjectAIDS PANDEMIC
dc.subjectAIDS PATIENTS
dc.subjectAIDS PREVENTION
dc.subjectANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS
dc.subjectBABIES
dc.subjectBEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE
dc.subjectBLOOD SCREENING
dc.subjectBLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
dc.subjectBREAST MILK
dc.subjectCANCERS
dc.subjectCASES OF HIV
dc.subjectCHILD TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL SEX
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL SEX WORK
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL SEX WORKER
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS
dc.subjectCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectDEATHS FROM AIDS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectDISEASE PREVENTION
dc.subjectDRUG USERS
dc.subjectDRUGS USERS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATION
dc.subjectEPIDEMIC SPREADING
dc.subjectEPIDEMICS
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION
dc.subjectEPIDEMIOLOGY
dc.subjectEXERCISES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGLOBAL HIV PANDEMIC
dc.subjectGONORRHEA
dc.subjectGONORRHOEA
dc.subjectHARM REDUCTION
dc.subjectHEALTH
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectHEALTH FOR ALL
dc.subjectHEALTH PROMOTION
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEPATITIS B
dc.subjectHEPATITIS C
dc.subjectHETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectHIGH RISK GROUPS
dc.subjectHIGH RISK OF INFECTION
dc.subjectHIGH-RISK
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHIV INFECTED PEOPLE
dc.subjectHIV INFECTION
dc.subjectHIV INFECTIONS
dc.subjectHIV PREVALENCE
dc.subjectHIV TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
dc.subjectILLITERACY
dc.subjectIMMUNE DEFICIENCY
dc.subjectIMMUNODEFICIENCY
dc.subjectINJECTING DRUG USE
dc.subjectINJECTING DRUG USERS
dc.subjectINJECTING DRUGS
dc.subjectINJECTION DRUG
dc.subjectINJECTION DRUG USERS
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectINTRAVENOUS DRUG USER
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLOW PREVALENCE
dc.subjectLUNG DISEASE
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMETHADONE
dc.subjectMIGRANTS
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectNEEDLES
dc.subjectOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION
dc.subjectOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPOLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPREGNANCY
dc.subjectPREGNANT WOMEN
dc.subjectPREVALENCE RATE
dc.subjectPREVALENCE RATES
dc.subjectPREVENTION INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectREFUGEES
dc.subjectRESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS
dc.subjectRISK BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectRISK FACTORS
dc.subjectRISK GROUPS
dc.subjectRISK OF INFECTION
dc.subjectSAFE SEX
dc.subjectSCREENING
dc.subjectSEX EDUCATION
dc.subjectSEX PRACTICES
dc.subjectSEX WITH MEN
dc.subjectSEX WORKER
dc.subjectSEX WORKERS
dc.subjectSEXUAL ACTIVITY
dc.subjectSEXUAL CONTACT
dc.subjectSEXUAL EXPLOITATION
dc.subjectSEXUAL RISK
dc.subjectSEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectSEXUAL TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL EXCLUSION
dc.subjectSPREAD OF HIV
dc.subjectSTIS
dc.subjectSTRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION
dc.subjectSYPHILIS
dc.subjectSYRINGES
dc.subjectTRANSMISSION
dc.subjectTUBERCULOSIS
dc.subjectUNAIDS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNPROTECTED SEX
dc.subjectUNSAFE SEX
dc.subjectUSE OF DRUGS
dc.subjectVOLUNTARY TESTING
dc.subjectVULNERABLE GROUPS
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectYOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subjectYOUNG POPULATIONS
dc.subjectYOUTH
dc.subjectYOUTH DEVELOPMENT
dc.titleHIV/AIDS in the Western Balkans : Priorities for Early Prevention in a High-Risk Environmenten
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2005-10-27
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/01/6373880/hivaids-western-balkans-priorities-early-prevention-high-risk-environment
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid956161468251378385
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/0-8213-6394-8
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000160016_20051027130819
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum6373880
okr.identifier.report34018
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/10/27/000160016_20051027130819/Rendered/PDF/3401810HIV0AIDS0in0the0Western0Balkans.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::HIV AIDS
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::HIV AIDS and Business
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Adolescent Health
okr.topicEarly Child and Children's Health
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population
okr.unitOffice of the Regional Vice Pres (ECAVP)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication3e126efc-de2f-4a95-be5b-bd2e430a4843
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3e126efc-de2f-4a95-be5b-bd2e430a4843
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