Publication:
Infrastructure and Employment Creation in the Middle East and North Africa

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dc.contributor.authorEstache, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorIanchovichina, Elena
dc.contributor.authorBacon, Robert
dc.contributor.authorSalamon, Ilhem
dc.date.accessioned2013-01-31T21:47:01Z
dc.date.available2013-01-31T21:47:01Z
dc.date.issued2013-01-17
dc.description.abstractThe state of national labor markets has always been a concern for governments and development agencies such as the World Bank. Key labor market indicators, such as the rate of unemployment, send signals about the health of an economy and mirror citizens' attitudes. Being gainfully employed is an important aspect of an individual's well-being both financially and socially, as 'initial failures in finding a job can lead to persistent joblessness, a loss of interest in further schooling, delayed family formation, mental distress, and negative manifestations of citizenship' (World Bank 2007). Increased expenditure on infrastructure projects has a short-run effect on employment creation as more workers are hired to build infrastructure. These jobs last only during the investment phase of the project, and, without a continuous injection as in a stimulus-type program, such jobs will be temporary. However, the investment program will have created a larger stock of infrastructure capital and this permanent addition facilitates additional growth in the economy. The extra demand from this incremental growth creates more jobs, and these tend to be permanent. Furthermore, an employment experience in an infrastructure-related employment program, even if temporary, might improve the chance of being re-employed at a later date. This study capitalizes on the World Bank's long-standing knowledge on infrastructure, employment, and growth and applies it to the case of MENA to assess the employment creation potential of infrastructure investment.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17197251/infrastructure-employment-creation-middle-east-north-africa-mena
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9665-0
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-9665-0
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/12237
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesDirections in development;infrastructure
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR TRANSPORT
dc.subjectAVERAGE WAGE
dc.subjectBALANCED BUDGETS
dc.subjectBASIC INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectBASIC SERVICES
dc.subjectBRIDGE
dc.subjectBRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOST-BENEFIT
dc.subjectCREATING JOBS
dc.subjectDEADWEIGHT
dc.subjectDEADWEIGHT LOSS
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR WATER
dc.subjectDEPRECIATION
dc.subjectDISPLACEMENT
dc.subjectDISPLACEMENT EFFECTS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF WATER
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYABILITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT EFFECT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT EFFECTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GENERATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT IMPACT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT LEVELS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT MULTIPLIER
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT PROGRAM
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT SHARE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT SITUATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEXPANSION
dc.subjectFACTORING
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL PRICES
dc.subjectHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY DESIGN
dc.subjectHIGHWAY PROJECTS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSING
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT SPENDING
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectJOB SKILLS
dc.subjectLABOR COSTS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR INTENSITY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET INDICATORS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR-INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectLABOR-INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLAND TRANSPORT
dc.subjectLONG-RUN EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectLONG-TERM EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectMANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectMUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectNEW ENTRANTS
dc.subjectO&M
dc.subjectOPERATING SURPLUS
dc.subjectPAYROLL TAXES
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION WITH ACCESS
dc.subjectPRIVATE FINANCING
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROPERTY TAXES
dc.subjectPUBLIC WORKS
dc.subjectPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL LINES
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD MAINTENANCE
dc.subjectROAD NETWORK
dc.subjectROAD QUALITY
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSANITATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS RATES
dc.subjectSCHOOLS
dc.subjectSEWAGE
dc.subjectSHORT-TERM JOB CREATION
dc.subjectSKILL GROUP
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSUBSIDIZED EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSUBSIDIZED EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAINING PROGRAMS
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectUNSUBSIDIZED JOBS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURBAN SANITATION
dc.subjectURBAN WATER
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectUTILITIES
dc.subjectWAGE RATE
dc.subjectWAGE RATES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWASTE
dc.subjectWASTE WATER
dc.subjectWASTE WATER TREATMENT
dc.subjectWASTEWATER TREATMENT
dc.subjectWATER SECTOR
dc.subjectWATER SERVICES
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
dc.subjectWATER WORKS
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.titleInfrastructure and Employment Creation in the Middle East and North Africaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleInfrastructure and Employment Creation in the Middle East and North Africa
okr.date.disclosure2013-01-23
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-15T11:25:22.069918Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17197251/infrastructure-employment-creation-middle-east-north-africa-mena
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.guid965421468051842370
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9665-0
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333037_20130124111239
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17197251
okr.identifier.report74918
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/01/24/000333037_20130124111239/Rendered/PDF/NonAsciiFileName0.pdfen
okr.peerreviewAcademic Peer Review
okr.region.administrativeMiddle East and North Africa
okr.region.geographicalNorth Africa
okr.region.geographicalMiddle East
okr.topicInfrastructure Economics and Finance::Private Participation in Infrastructure
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicBanks and Banking Reform
okr.topicCommunities and Human Settlements::Urban Slums Upgrading
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development
okr.topicTransport
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication814995f9-044c-566a-9355-890a6ac260ae
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery814995f9-044c-566a-9355-890a6ac260ae
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