Publication:
Trade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexes

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-19T21:35:32Z
dc.date.available2014-08-19T21:35:32Z
dc.date.issued2008-06-23
dc.description.abstractOver the past few decades, the World trading system has become increasingly more open. Tariff rates have been reduced and quantitative restrictions (quotas) have been progressively eliminated, e.g. the Multi-Fiber Agreement (MFA). Most countries have adopted more outward-looking economic policies, seeking to increase growth and employment through expanding exports. Such outward looking policies have even been adopted by countries which previously pursued policies based on import substitution as in South Asia. Protective trade restrictions still persist, but tend to be in terms of more subtle non-tariff barriers (such as sanitary or phyto-sanitary standards), though anti-dumping measures and temporary quantity restrictions are still used by many countries to shield domestic producers. Trade regulations no longer solely attempt to protect domestic producers; their scope has extended to cover the need for enhanced security and the desire for greater consumer protection through the traceability of the production chain for many agricultural products. Intense competition compels firms to reduce costs throughout their manufacturing and distribution processes. Outsourcing to lower cost firms and countries has been one major source of cost reduction, reduced inventory costs through just-in-time manufacturing, and distribution systems has been another. Both are predicated on efficient, reliable and low-cost supply chains. With the worldwide fall in tariff levels, the efficiency of supply chains and the associated logistics costs are becoming core determinants of the competitiveness of both firms and countries. They may also influence the destination of inward direct investment; many countries can offer low labor costs and tax incentives, fewer can offer quick, efficient, reliable, and low cost logistics.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9748938/trade-transport-facilitation-south-asia-systems-transition-vol-2-2-annexes
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/19481
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/19481
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS CONTROL
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR CARGO
dc.subjectAIR FREIGHT
dc.subjectAIR TRANSPORT
dc.subjectAIRLINES
dc.subjectAIRPORT
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE MODES
dc.subjectARTERIAL ROADS
dc.subjectASSEMBLY
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectAUTOMOTIVE SECTOR
dc.subjectBERTH
dc.subjectBERTHING
dc.subjectBERTHS
dc.subjectBICYCLES
dc.subjectBORDER CROSSING
dc.subjectBOTTLENECKS
dc.subjectBREAK BULK
dc.subjectBREAK BULK CARGO
dc.subjectBULK CARGO
dc.subjectBULK CARGOES
dc.subjectBULK CARRIERS
dc.subjectBULK FREIGHT
dc.subjectBULK HANDLING
dc.subjectBULK TERMINALS
dc.subjectBULK TRAFFIC
dc.subjectCABOTAGE
dc.subjectCAR
dc.subjectCARGO BERTHS
dc.subjectCARGO HANDLING
dc.subjectCARGO HANDLING SPEEDS
dc.subjectCARGOES
dc.subjectCARRIAGE
dc.subjectCARRIERS
dc.subjectCARS
dc.subjectCFS
dc.subjectCHANNELS
dc.subjectCHARTER RATES
dc.subjectCOASTAL SHIPPING
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL FREIGHT
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCONCESSIONAIRE
dc.subjectCONGESTION
dc.subjectCONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectCONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION
dc.subjectCONTAINER CARGO
dc.subjectCONTAINER CORPORATION
dc.subjectCONTAINER DEPOTS
dc.subjectCONTAINER FREIGHT STATION
dc.subjectCONTAINER HANDLING
dc.subjectCONTAINER HANDLING EQUIPMENT
dc.subjectCONTAINER RATES
dc.subjectCONTAINER SERVICES
dc.subjectCONTAINER SHIPPING
dc.subjectCONTAINER SHIPS
dc.subjectCONTAINER TERMINALS
dc.subjectCONTAINER TRAFFIC
dc.subjectCONTAINER VESSELS
dc.subjectCONTAINERIZATION
dc.subjectCONTAINERS
dc.subjectCORRIDOR
dc.subjectCRUDE OIL
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS CLEARANCE
dc.subjectCUSTOMS PROCEDURES
dc.subjectDEADWEIGHT
dc.subjectDEEP WATER BERTHS
dc.subjectDELIVERY SCHEDULES
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIRECT DELIVERY
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectDRY BULK
dc.subjectDRY BULK CARRIERS
dc.subjectDRY CARGO
dc.subjectDUTY
dc.subjectDWT
dc.subjectEDGE
dc.subjectEXPORT
dc.subjectEXPRESSWAYS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectFLEETS
dc.subjectFOREIGN SHIPS
dc.subjectFOREIGN VESSELS
dc.subjectFREIGHT
dc.subjectFREIGHT FORWARDING
dc.subjectFREIGHT MARKET
dc.subjectFREIGHT RATES
dc.subjectFREIGHT TRAFFIC
dc.subjectFREIGHT VEHICLES
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL TAXES
dc.subjectGENERAL CARGO BERTHS
dc.subjectHANDLING EQUIPMENT
dc.subjectHAULAGE
dc.subjectHAULING
dc.subjectHEAVY VEHICLES
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectHIGHWAY AUTHORITY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY CAPACITY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY DESIGN
dc.subjectHIGHWAY INVESTMENT
dc.subjectHIGHWAY NETWORK
dc.subjectHIGHWAY NETWORKS
dc.subjectHIGHWAY PROGRAMS
dc.subjectHIGHWAY PROJECTS
dc.subjectHIGHWAY SYSTEM
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectHUB
dc.subjectINLAND CONTAINER DEPOT
dc.subjectINLAND TRANSPORT
dc.subjectINLAND WATER TRANSPORT
dc.subjectINLAND WATERWAY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TERMINAL
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL PORT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL PORTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN ROADS
dc.subjectIRON ORE HANDLING
dc.subjectJETTIES
dc.subjectJOURNEY
dc.subjectLAND ACQUISITION
dc.subjectLANDLORD PORT
dc.subjectLANES
dc.subjectLARGE SHIPS
dc.subjectLINER SERVICES
dc.subjectLINER SHIPPING
dc.subjectLOGISTICS COSTS
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING
dc.subjectMIDDLE EAST
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLES
dc.subjectNATIONAL HIGHWAYS
dc.subjectNATIONAL LOGISTICS
dc.subjectNAVIGATION
dc.subjectNEW TANKERS
dc.subjectNEW TERMINAL
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CONTAINERS
dc.subjectPASSENGER
dc.subjectPASSENGER CARS
dc.subjectPEAK PERIODS
dc.subjectPEDESTRIANS
dc.subjectPOLICE
dc.subjectPORT AUTHORITY
dc.subjectPORT CHARGES
dc.subjectPORT CONGESTION
dc.subjectPORT DUES
dc.subjectPORT MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectPORT PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectPORT PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectPORT SERVICES
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL CAPACITY
dc.subjectRAIL FREIGHT
dc.subjectRAIL LINES
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectRAILWAY
dc.subjectRAILWAYS
dc.subjectRANGE
dc.subjectREFERENCE
dc.subjectRESERVE
dc.subjectRESETTLEMENT
dc.subjectRESTORATION
dc.subjectRING ROADS
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD CORRIDORS
dc.subjectROAD FREIGHT RATES
dc.subjectROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectROAD INVESTMENT
dc.subjectROAD MAINTENANCE
dc.subjectROAD NETWORK
dc.subjectROAD SECTOR
dc.subjectROAD TOLLS
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectROAD USER
dc.subjectROAD USERS
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectROUGH
dc.subjectROUTE
dc.subjectROUTES
dc.subjectRURAL ROADS
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectSAFETY STANDARDS
dc.subjectSEA TRAFFIC
dc.subjectSEA TRANSPORT
dc.subjectSHIP-OWNERS
dc.subjectSHIPMENTS
dc.subjectSHIPOWNERS
dc.subjectSHIPOWNERS ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectSHIPPERS
dc.subjectSHIPPING
dc.subjectSHIPPING COMPANIES
dc.subjectSHIPPING COMPANY
dc.subjectSHIPPING COSTS
dc.subjectSHIPPING INDUSTRY
dc.subjectSHIPPING LINE
dc.subjectSHIPPING LINES
dc.subjectSHIPPING RATES
dc.subjectSHIPS
dc.subjectSMALLER VESSELS
dc.subjectSOUTH ASIAN
dc.subjectSPEEDS
dc.subjectSTATE HIGHWAYS
dc.subjectSTEVEDORES
dc.subjectSTEVEDORING
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subjectTANKER
dc.subjectTANKERS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAXES ON DIESEL
dc.subjectTERMINAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTERMINAL OPERATORS
dc.subjectTEU
dc.subjectTOLL
dc.subjectTOLL ROADS
dc.subjectTONNAGE
dc.subjectTRADE ROUTES
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAFFIC CAPACITY
dc.subjectTRAFFIC FLOWS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC LEVELS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC VOLUMES
dc.subjectTRANSIT
dc.subjectTRANSIT TIMES
dc.subjectTRANSIT TRADE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT CAPACITY
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COST SAVINGS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT FACILITATION
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectTRANSSHIPMENT
dc.subjectTRIP
dc.subjectTRIPS
dc.subjectTRUCK TRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRUCKS
dc.subjectTRUNK LINE
dc.subjectTYPES OF CARGO
dc.subjectURBAN ROADS
dc.subjectURBAN TRAFFIC
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectVEHICLE INSURANCE
dc.subjectVESSELS
dc.subjectWAREHOUSING
dc.subjectWORLD SHIPPING
dc.titleTrade and Transport Facilitation in South Asia : Systems in Transition, Volume 2. Annexesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.date.disclosure2008-06-30
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T09:45:31.839296Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Policy Note
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9748938/trade-transport-facilitation-south-asia-systems-transition-vol-2-2-annexes
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid786591468302462710
okr.guid449811468334773825
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333037_20080808014741
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum9748938
okr.identifier.report44061
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/08/08/000333037_20080808014741/Rendered/PDF/440610v20SR0P01ain0Report001PUBLIC1.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.geographicalSouth Asia
okr.sectorPublic Administration, Law, and Justice :: Central government administration
okr.sectorTransportation
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: Other domestic and international trade
okr.themeFinancial and private sector development :: Infrastructure services for private sector development
okr.themeTrade and integration :: Trade facilitation and market access
okr.topicTransport and Trade Logistics
okr.topicPorts and Waterways
okr.topicTransport::Airports and Air Services
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicIndustry::Common Carriers Industry
okr.unitTransport (SASDT)
okr.volume2 of 2
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