Publication:
Economic Reforms, Growth, and Governance: The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladesh's Development Surprise

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dc.contributor.authorMahmud, Wahiduddin
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Sadiq
dc.contributor.authorMahajan, Sandeep
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-28T20:32:53Z
dc.date.available2017-08-28T20:32:53Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.description.abstractBangladesh has in recent decades achieved reasonably rapid economic growth and significant progress in social development indicators despite many impediments: the desperate initial conditions after gaining independence, lack of resources, natural disasters, widespread corruption, and a record of systemic governance failure. By identifying the sources of growth stimulus and the drivers of social transformation, the paper addresses what it calls Bangladesh's development surprise. The policy-making process is analyzed as the outcome of incentives created by patronage politics as opposed to the compulsion for the government to play an effective developmental role. The paper examines the governance-growth nexus as affecting the pace and quality of growth and its inclusiveness. If the governance environment has been barely adequate to cope with an economy breaking out of stagnation and extreme poverty, it increasingly may prove a barrier to putting the economy firmly on a path of modernization and global integration. Bangladesh's experience also shows that it is possible to make rapid initial progress in many social development indicators by creating awareness through successful social mobilization campaigns and by reaping the gains from affordable low-cost solutions. Further progress, however, will require increased public social spending and improved quality of public service delivery.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/763541468013237841/Economic-reforms-growth-and-governance-the-political-economy-aspects-of-Bangladeshs-development-surprise
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/28037
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/28037
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesCommission on Growth and Development Working Paper;No. 22
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectADVERSE EFFECT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LOANS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAMORTIZATION
dc.subjectBANK LENDING
dc.subjectBANK LOANS
dc.subjectBANKING SECTOR
dc.subjectBANKING SECTOR REFORMS
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEM
dc.subjectBENEFICIARIES
dc.subjectBENEFICIARY
dc.subjectBONDED WAREHOUSES
dc.subjectBUDGET DEFICIT
dc.subjectBUREAUCRACY
dc.subjectBUSINESS COMMUNITY
dc.subjectBUSINESS CYCLE
dc.subjectCAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCLOSED ECONOMY
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL BANKING
dc.subjectCONFLICT OF INTEREST
dc.subjectCONSUMER GOODS
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCORE GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOUNTRY DATA
dc.subjectCREDIBILITY
dc.subjectCREDIT EXPANSION
dc.subjectCRONY
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEFAULTERS
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectDEREGULATION
dc.subjectDEREGULATION OF INTEREST
dc.subjectDEVALUATION
dc.subjectDEVALUATIONS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
dc.subjectDIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectDOMESTIC BORROWING
dc.subjectDOMESTIC CURRENCY
dc.subjectECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC ORDER
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subjectECONOMIC RELATIONS
dc.subjectECONOMICS RESEARCH
dc.subjectENTRY BARRIERS
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEXCHANGE CONTROL
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL DEFICITS
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectFISCAL DEFICIT
dc.subjectFISCAL DEFICITS
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICY
dc.subjectFLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectFLOATING EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectFOREIGN AID
dc.subjectFOREIGN CAPITAL
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGOOD GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectGOVERNANCE DATA
dc.subjectGOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectGOVERNANCE PROBLEM
dc.subjectGOVERNANCE PROBLEMS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REVENUE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SUPPORT
dc.subjectGROSS NATIONAL SAVINGS
dc.subjectGROWTH PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHOST COUNTRIES
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectIMPORT QUOTAS
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINCOME TAX
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINFLATION RATE
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESSES
dc.subjectINTEREST PAYMENTS
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT INCOMES
dc.subjectINVESTMENT RATE
dc.subjectINVESTOR PROTECTION
dc.subjectJUSTICE SYSTEM
dc.subjectLEGAL PROVISIONS
dc.subjectLETTERS OF CREDIT
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLOAN DEFAULT
dc.subjectLOAN RECOVERY
dc.subjectLOAN REPAYMENT
dc.subjectLOCAL BUSINESS
dc.subjectLOCAL COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC IMBALANCES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION
dc.subjectMACROECONOMICS
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET REFORMS
dc.subjectMICROCREDIT
dc.subjectMONETARY POLICY
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNATIONAL POLICIES
dc.subjectNATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subjectNATURAL MONOPOLY
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMY
dc.subjectPARLIAMENT
dc.subjectPATRON-CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLITICAL AGENDA
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL INFLUENCE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL LEGITIMACY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTIES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectPOOR GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIVATE BANKS
dc.subjectPRIVATE CAPITAL
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC DEBT
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOOD
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC PROCUREMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectPUBLIC UTILITIES
dc.subjectREAL EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectREGULATORY QUALITY
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectRULE OF LAW
dc.subjectSAVINGS CERTIFICATES
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX COMPLIANCE
dc.subjectTAX EVASION
dc.subjectTAX EXEMPTIONS
dc.subjectTAX POLICIES
dc.subjectTAX REGIME
dc.subjectTAX SYSTEM
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTOTAL REVENUE
dc.subjectTRADE DEFICIT
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE PROTECTION
dc.subjectTRADE UNIONS
dc.subjectUNBUNDLING GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVESTED INTERESTS
dc.subjectVOTERS
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWITHDRAWAL
dc.titleEconomic Reforms, Growth, and Governanceen
dc.title.subtitleThe Political Economy Aspects of Bangladesh's Development Surpriseen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2010-12-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-15T11:47:06.287963Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/763541468013237841/Economic-reforms-growth-and-governance-the-political-economy-aspects-of-Bangladeshs-development-surprise
okr.guid763541468013237841
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333038_20101201233521
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum13185432
okr.identifier.report57722
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/763541468013237841/pdf/577220NWP0Box353766B01PUBLIC10gcwp022web.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryBangladesh
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Theory & Research
okr.topicGovernance::Politics and Government
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Development
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Access of Poor to Social Services
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.unitAFT: PREM 1 (AFTP1)
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