Publication: Vietnam : Renewable Energy Action Plan
Loading...
Published
2002-03-31
ISSN
Date
2014-08-29
Editor(s)
Abstract
The Renewable Energy Action Plan (REAP) was prepared in a participatory workshop with stakeholders, to discuss renewable energy potential, problems, and solutions, and synthesize study results into a draft action report. The objective of the REAP is to provide cost-effective, and reliable electricity to rural populations, by supplying isolated households, and communities with renewable sources of energy, and augmenting grid supply in remote areas. The capacity-building phase will build on the renewable energy policy, and institutional development, support individual household and institutional renewable energy systems, through the provision of mini-grids based on hydro-hybrid plants. To this end technical assistance, and investment support will be provided to encourage small power producers of renewable electricity for grid supply, from small hydro, bagasse, or rice husk cogeneration, while other technologies will also be supported, such as wind power. Lessons learned from the REAP experience address the need to ensure a policy, and legal framework to guide private sector involvement, by first building capacity, and a strong institutional support, to understand market characteristics, and support development of commercial renewable energy businesses, to include financial intermediation, and micro-finance.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“Bogach, V. Susan; Cabraal, R. Anil; Exel, Jon; Pham Nguyet Anh. 2002. Vietnam : Renewable Energy Action Plan. Energy Sector Management Assistance
Programme (ESMAP) technical paper series;no. 21. © http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19888 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Peru Opportunities and Challenges of Small Hydropower Development(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-03)Peru is favored by a stable and growing economy and the availability of indigenous sources of energy for electricity generation, including hydro and natural gas. The Peruvian electricity sector is among the few in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) that has not confronted a crisis in recent years. The power sector in Peru was reformed and restructured between 1991 and 1993, followed by a privatization and concession process. A modern legal and regulatory framework was established in the electricity concessions law of 1992-93. This report contains the following chapters: (1) introduction; (2) resource potential and technical capacity for development of small hydropower in Peru; (3) economic and financial viability of small hydro development in Peru; (4) institutional and regulatory environment; (5) identification of barriers to small hydropower development and mitigation measures; (6) international experience with small hydropower development; and finally (7) conclusions and recommendations.Publication Strengthening the Non-Conventional and Rural Energy Development Program in the Philippines : A Policy Framework and Action Plan(Washington, DC, 2001-08)As articulated in the new energy plan for 1999-2008, the key sector objectives for the Philippines energy sector remain security of energy supply, affordable prices, and an energy infrastructure compatible with broader social and environmental objectives. Ths report is organized as follows: Chapter 1 briefly lays out the social, environmental, and economic justifications for developing non-renewable energy resources (NRE) against the backdrop of privatization and reform of the energy sector. It reviews the experience with NRE from the 1970s to the present, highlighting some important lessons learned from both successful and failed initiatives. Chapter 2 reviews the commercial status and current and expected costs internationally of NRE technologies of potential usefulness. It distinguishes between immediate and long-term potential, small- and large-scale systems, and rural and urban applications, as well as reviewing the status of several off-grid and grid-connected technologies. Chapter 3 examines how existing and impending policies, legislation, incentives, procedures, and institutional arrangements affect, positively or negatively, the commercialization of NRE in the Philippines. Chapter 4 outlines near-term investment possibilities in off-grid electrification and large-scale wind power. The final chapter outlines some specific actions that need to be taken to pursue the priority investments identified. the chapter then reviews multilateral and bilateral assistance.Publication Designing Strategies and Instruments to Address Power Projects Stress Situations(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-08)It is an internationally recognized reality that continued and increased investment in the power sector by private firms is essential to providing affordable and reliable energy to an increasing portion of the world population. However, investing in power projects in the developing regions of the world exposes nations, governments, consumers, and investors to unusually high levels of risk. This study will have succeeded if it encourages parties, on all sides, to recognize problems as early as possible and concentrate on identifying possible solutions, and then implementing them. This study marks the interest of investors and lenders in finding procedures and instruments to facilitate the resolution of disputes arising from stress situations. To begin with we will summarize the predominant causes, characteristics, and consequences of project stress in the energy sector of emerging markets. The author will seek to describe and understand the incidence of various patterns of characteristics and consequences of project stress that emerge as power projects are broken down by type industry stage and region. Then the author will discuss how to prevent the emergence of stress situations in power projects as well as the instruments and strategies available for the resolution of power project stress.Publication Technical and Economic Assessment of Off-grid, Mini-grid and Grid Electrification Technologies(Washington, DC, 2007-12)This report is part of the Energy and Water Department's commitment to providing new techniques and knowledge which complement the direct investment and other assistance to electrification as provided by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The purpose of this report is to convey the results of an assessment of the current and future economic readiness of electric power generation alternatives for developing countries. The objective of the technical and economic assessment was to systematically characterize the commercial and economic prospects of renewable and fossil fuel-fired electricity generation technologies now, and in the near future. The study was designed to cover the widest possible range of electrification applications faced by energy services delivery and power system planners, whether supply is provided through grid networks or stand-alone or mini-grid configurations. The assessment was conducted using a standard approach and is presented in a consistent fashion for each power generation technology configuration. The assessment time frame includes current status and forecast development trends over the period 2005-15, while the economic assessment considers a range of typical operating conditions (peak, off-peak) and grid configurations (off-grid, mini-grid, interconnected grid) for various scales of demand. The technology characterization reflects the current stage of commercialization, including indicative cost reduction trends over 10 years. This study is limited in several ways. First, it is time-bound. It does not reflect new technology developments or new secular trends that have emerged since the terms of reference were formalized. Secondly, it is bound by the available literature. Thirdly, the results are generalized and represent averaging over what are important specific conditions (although the uncertainty analysis accounts for this somewhat).Publication Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Energy in India(World Bank, 2011)India has 150 GW of renewable energy potential, about half in the form of small hydropower, biomass, and wind and half in solar, cogeneration, and waste-to-energy. Developing renewable energy can help India increase its energy security, reduce the adverse impacts on the local environment, lower its carbon intensity, contribute to more balanced regional development, and realize its aspirations for leadership in high-technology industries. This diagnostic note draws on a detailed analysis conducted by a PricewaterhouseCoopers India consulting team in 2008-09 for the World Bank. The data are based on information on about 180 wind, biomass, and small hydropower projects in 20 states, as well as information from and norms of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC). The study is intended to provoke discussions of the feasibility of renewable energy development in India. Why is renewable energy development relevant? How much development is economically feasible? What needs to be done to realize the potential? Each of these topics is addressed in a separate chapter, all of which suggest a few implementable measures that India can consider to tap its economically feasible unharnessed potential.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Thailand Monthly Economic Monitor, October 2025(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-10-22)Fiscal conditions remained stable, with a modest widening of the deficit to 3.1 percent of GDP. New stimulus measures are expected to support short-term demand without breaching the public debt ceiling. Inflation stayed negative, reflecting lower energy and food prices amid subdued domestic demand. The central bank kept the policy rate unchanged, citing limited policy space. Thailand’s growth momentum has slowed further as manufacturing activity and services weakened as projected. Tourism remained subdued, largely due to fewer Chinese visitors. Goods exports also slowed as earlier front-loaded orders faded, particularly in agriculture and industrial goods. The Thai baht depreciated in early October as the US dollar appreciated and the current account turned negative.Publication Regional Poverty and Inequality Update: Latin America and the Caribbean, October 2025(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-10-23)This brief summarizes recent facts related to poverty and inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the latest wave of harmonized household surveys from the Socio-Economic Database for LAC (SEDLAC). This brief was produced by the Poverty Global Practice in the LAC Region of the World Bank.Publication Ukraine Country Environmental Analysis(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-01)The objective of the Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) is to assess the adequacy and performance of the policy, legal, and institutional framework for environmental management in Ukraine, in light of the decentralization process of environmental governance and wider reform objectives, and to provide recommendations to government to address the key gaps identified. Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe and has a population of 43 million, the majority of whom live in urban areas. It is a lower middle income country, with the services, industry and agriculture sectors being main contributors to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Ukraine faces a number of environmental challenges, as identified in its National Environmental Strategy 2020 (NES). Key among these are: air pollution; quality of water resources and land degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss; human health issues associated with environmental risk factors; in addition to climate change. The scope of Ukrainian environmental legislation is quite broad and comprehensive (more than 300 legal acts) and covers most areas of environmental protection and natural resources management. However, the environmental legislation faces a number of weaknesses:The environmental legislation is largely declaratory in nature and does not have all the essential enforcement mechanisms for the implementation of legal acts and international agreements; Many of the acts are not coordinated with each other; and Legislation undergoes limited analysis of its impact—for example, no in-depth analysis such as Regulatory Impact Analysis is conducted for proposed pieces of legislation.Publication Digital Africa(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13)All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.Publication Beyond Borders(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-01-22)This report provides a foundational guide to regional energy integration, with a particular focus on developing and emerging economies. Many regions are about to integrate power grids and markets across national boundaries, which can offer economic benefits, enhanced power supply quality and security, and opportunities for scaling up climate change mitigation measures. The report begins with an overview of the different levels of power system integration, followed by an analysis of the primary drivers behind regional energy integration. It identifies five key building blocks essential for achieving deeper integration: interconnection infrastructure, planning and investment coordination, technical and operational coordination, commercial arrangements and market design, and institutional architecture. The report also highlights the key challenges hindering the development of these building blocks, particularly issues related to political cooperation and financing. It concludes by advocating for a collaborative, step-by-step approach, along with institutional capacity building and innovative financing mechanisms, to advance regional energy integration efforts.