Publication:
Tajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternatives

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dc.contributor.authorFields, Daryl
dc.contributor.authorKochnakyan, Artur
dc.contributor.authorMukhamedova, Takhmina
dc.contributor.authorStuggins, Gary
dc.contributor.authorBesant-Jones, John
dc.date.accessioned2013-09-24T21:07:48Z
dc.date.available2013-09-24T21:07:48Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractTajikistan's electricity system is in a state of crisis. Approximately 70 percent of the Tajik people suffer from extensive shortages of electricity during the winter. These shortages, estimated at about 2,700 GWh, about a quarter of winter electricity demand, impose economic losses estimated at over United States (US) 200 million dollars per annum or 3 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The electricity shortages have not been addressed because investments have not been made in new electricity supply capacity and maintenance of existing assets has not improved. The financial incentive for electricity consumers to reduce their consumption is inadequate as electricity prices are among the lowest in the world. Without prompt action to remedy the causes of Tajikistan's electricity crisis and with growing demand, the shortages could increase to about 4,500 GWh by 2016 (over a third of winter electricity demand) or worse. The World Bank undertook this study to assist the Government of Tajikistan (GoT) in finding ways to overcome the current electricity shortages and establish a sound basis for meeting the growing electricity demand in Tajikistan. The study focuses on the investments and policy reforms needed between now and 2020 to strengthen the financial, technical and institutional capacity of the Tajik power sector and prepare the GoT for undertaking a major expansion of power supply capacity. The study excludes large hydropower plants with storage, given their complexity and global experience that such projects are subject to delays. The winter electricity shortages are caused by a combination of low hydropower output during winter when river flows are low and high demand driven by heating needs. The GoT should focus its immediate attention on three ways to eliminate the current winter power shortages: 1) ambitious energy efficiency plans to reduce uneconomic power usage; 2) new dual-fired thermal power supply to complement the existing hydropower supply during winter; and 3) increased energy imports to leverage surplus electricity supply in neighboring countries.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18042383/tajikistans-winter-energy-crisis-electricity-supply-demand-alternatives
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9967-5
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-9967-5
dc.identifier.other10.1596/978-0-8213-9967-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/15795
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Study;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR LEAKAGE
dc.subjectAIR LEAKS
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY
dc.subjectALLOWANCE
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectALUMINUM
dc.subjectALUMINUM INDUSTRY
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectAPPLIANCE STANDARDS
dc.subjectAPPROACH
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY
dc.subjectAVERAGE HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectBALANCE
dc.subjectBOILER
dc.subjectBOILER HOUSE
dc.subjectBOILER HOUSES
dc.subjectBOILERS
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCAPS
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON MONOXIDE
dc.subjectCATASTROPHIC FAILURE
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOAL GAS
dc.subjectCOAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectCOLORS
dc.subjectCOMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS
dc.subjectCONSERVATION
dc.subjectCOST OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectCOST OF ENERGY
dc.subjectCOST OF ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subjectCOSTS OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR ENERGY
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR ENERGY SERVICES
dc.subjectDEMAND FORECAST
dc.subjectDEMAND MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectDEMAND REDUCTION
dc.subjectDEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIESEL POWER
dc.subjectDISSOLUTION
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION NETWORK
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectDISTRICT HEATING
dc.subjectDISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC SOURCES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC SUPPLY
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC COSTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectELECTRIC HEATERS
dc.subjectELECTRIC WATER HEATING
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY COSTS
dc.subjectELECTRICITY DEMAND
dc.subjectELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY PRICE
dc.subjectELECTRICITY PRICES
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SAVINGS
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SUPPLY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY SYSTEM
dc.subjectELECTRICITY TARIFF
dc.subjectELECTRICITY TARIFFS
dc.subjectELECTRICITY USAGE
dc.subjectELECTROLYSIS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEND-USE
dc.subjectEND-USE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectEND-USERS
dc.subjectENERGY AUDITS
dc.subjectENERGY BILLS
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectENERGY COSTS
dc.subjectENERGY DEFICIT
dc.subjectENERGY DEMAND
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
dc.subjectENERGY INTENSITY
dc.subjectENERGY LOSS
dc.subjectENERGY LOSSES
dc.subjectENERGY MARKET
dc.subjectENERGY NEEDS
dc.subjectENERGY PRICES
dc.subjectENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subjectENERGY SAVINGS
dc.subjectENERGY SECURITY
dc.subjectENERGY SHORTAGES
dc.subjectENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectENERGY SYSTEM
dc.subjectENERGY USE
dc.subjectEXTREME TEMPERATURES
dc.subjectFEASIBILITY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CONDITION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL COSTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL NEEDS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL REASONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFLUORESCENT LAMP
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOSSIL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL OIL
dc.subjectFUEL SUPPLY
dc.subjectFUEL SWITCHING
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectGAS BOILERS
dc.subjectGAS TURBINE
dc.subjectGASIFICATION
dc.subjectGENERATION CAPACITY
dc.subjectGENERATION UNITS
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH IN DEMAND
dc.subjectGROWTH IN ELECTRICITY DEMAND
dc.subjectHARD COAL
dc.subjectHEALTH RISK
dc.subjectHEAT
dc.subjectHEAT DEMAND
dc.subjectHEAT GENERATION
dc.subjectHEAT SUPPLY
dc.subjectHEAT TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectHEATING SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEAVY OIL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENERGY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHYDROPOWER
dc.subjectHYDROPOWER PLANT
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS IN ENERGY
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectIRRADIATION
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectKILOWATT HOUR
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOAD SHEDDING
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS SUPPLY
dc.subjectNEGATIVE IMPACT
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL EQUIVALENT
dc.subjectPEAK DEMAND
dc.subjectPEAK LOAD
dc.subjectPEAK POWER
dc.subjectPETROLEUM
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO
dc.subjectPOWER
dc.subjectPOWER CAPACITY
dc.subjectPOWER CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPOWER DEMAND
dc.subjectPOWER FLOWS
dc.subjectPOWER GENERATION
dc.subjectPOWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectPOWER PRICES
dc.subjectPOWER SECTOR
dc.subjectPOWER SHORTAGES
dc.subjectPOWER SUPPLY
dc.subjectPOWER SYSTEM
dc.subjectPOWER TRADE
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASE
dc.subjectPRICE SIGNAL
dc.subjectPROVISION OF HEAT
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectQUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectRELIABILITY OF SUPPLY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectRESIDENTIAL BUILDING
dc.subjectRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
dc.subjectRESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS
dc.subjectSCENARIOS
dc.subjectSMALL HYDROPOWER
dc.subjectSOLAR POWER
dc.subjectSOLAR THERMAL
dc.subjectSOLAR WATER HEATERS
dc.subjectSOLID FUELS
dc.subjectSPACE HEATING
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectSUPPLY COSTS
dc.subjectSUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectTHERMAL PLANT
dc.subjectTHERMAL PLANT CAPACITY
dc.subjectTHERMAL PLANTS
dc.subjectTHERMAL POWER
dc.subjectTHERMAL POWER PLANT
dc.subjectTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
dc.subjectTOTAL COST
dc.subjectTOTAL DEMAND
dc.subjectTRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectTRANSMISSION LINE
dc.subjectTRANSMISSION LINES
dc.subjectTRANSMISSION SYSTEM
dc.subjectTURBINES
dc.subjectUTILITY COMPANY
dc.subjectVOLTAGE
dc.subjectWASTE
dc.titleTajikistan's Winter Energy Crisis : Electricity Supply and Demand Alternativesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaClimate Change
okr.date.disclosure2013-07-26
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18042383/tajikistans-winter-energy-crisis-electricity-supply-demand-alternatives
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.guid500811468116363418
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9967-5
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000442464_20130726144616
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum18042383
okr.identifier.report79616
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/07/26/000442464_20130726144616/Rendered/PDF/796160PUB0REPL00Box377374B00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.countryTajikistan
okr.topicEnergy::Energy and Environment
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Climate Change Economics
okr.topicEnergy::Energy Production and Transportation
okr.topicEnvironment::Environment and Energy Efficiency
okr.unitAgriculture & Rural Development (ECSAR)
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