Person: Pande, Rohini Prabha
Global Practice on Social, Urban, Rural & Resilience
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Public health, Gender, South Asia
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Global Practice on Social, Urban, Rural & Resilience
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Last updated: January 31, 2023
Biography
Rohini Prabha Pande is a Senior Gender Consultant. Prior to her work at the World Bank, she worked at the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), leading intervention research programs in South Asia on reproductive health and women’s empowerment. She also has worked with the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, Care International and other NGOs in South Asia and West Africa, on female education, women’s income generation, and women’s empowerment. She has an Sc.D. from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and an MPA from Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
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Publication Voices to Choices: Bangladesh's Journey in Women's Economic Empowerment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2019) Kotikula, Aphichoke; Solotaroff, Jennifer L.; Ali, Snigdha; Lonnberg, Tara; Jahan, Ferdous; Pande, Rohini P.This book analyzes advances in women's economic engagement and empowerment in rural and urban Bangladesh. It concludes that despite notable improvement, women's economic choices and control remain limited. Female labor force participation rose 10 percentage points between 2003 and 2016, and the gender wage gap shrank; societal attitudes toward women's land ownership are evolving; and women's financial inclusion and entrepreneurship rates are improving. Women's labor force participation still is less than half that of men, however. Women are confined to a narrower range of occupations—in mostly informal sector jobs—and are still less likely to own land than men. The financial gender gap remains stubbornly large. Women from ethnic and religious minorities face 'double' discrimination on several of these fronts. Stakeholders need to address foundational societal and market barriers, such as sexual and other forms of harassment, mobility constraints, high transactional costs, and lack of formal childcare, while developing accurate gender–disaggregated data to track progress. Despite achieving Millennium Development Goal Target 1 to halve poverty between 1990 and 2015, Bangladesh remains one of the world's poorer countries. Improvements in engaging and empowering women economically—particularly disadvantaged women—is a clear next step in growing the Bangladeshi economy and maintaining progress in poverty reduction and inclusive development. This book provides recommendations and good practices on how to do so.Publication Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan: What Do We Know?(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-02) Amir, Saman; Kotikula, Aphichoke; Pande, Rohini P.; Bossavie, Laurent Loic Yves; Khadka, UpasanaPakistan's development road map "Vision 2025" sets an ambitious target of an increase in female labor force participation (FLFP) from its current level of 25 percent to 45 percent by 2025. Women's labor force participation is rising across the country; however, significant challenges remain. This Note explores the dynamics of FLFP via analysis of the Enterprise Survey 2013, two rounds of the Labor Skills Survey (2013 and 2015), and multiple rounds of the Labor Force Survey. Results summarized here provide a picture of trends in FLFP in Pakistan since 1992, identify reasons for low FLFP and highlight key knowledge gaps. This Note, a collaborative product of the Pakistan Gender and Social Inclusion Platform and Social Protection and Jobs teams, is structured to complement the forthcoming Pakistan Jobs Diagnostic. It is also a precursor to an upcoming study, Women in the Workforce, that will collect primary qualitative and quantitative data on urban women's labor force participation in urban Punjab, Karachi, Peshawar and Quetta.Publication Violence against Women and Girls : Lessons from South Asia(World Bank Group, Washington, DC, 2014-09-16) Solotaroff, Jennifer L.; Pande, Rohini PrabhaThis report documents the dynamics of violence against women in South Asia across the life cycle, from early childhood to old age. It explores the different types of violence that women may face throughout their lives, as well as the associated perpetrators (male and female), risk and protective factors for both victims and perpetrators, and interventions to address violence across all life cycle stages. The report also analyzes the societal factors that drive the primarily male — but also female — perpetrators to commit violence against women in the region. For each stage and type of violence, the report critically reviews existing research from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, supplemented by original analysis and select literature from outside the region. Policies and programs that address violence against women and girls are analyzed in order to highlight key actors and promising interventions. Finally, the report identifies critical gaps in research, program evaluations, and interventions in order to provide strategic recommendations for policy makers, civil society, and other stakeholders working to mitigate violence against women in South Asia.Publication Understanding Gender in Maldives: Toward Inclusive Development(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016-05-08) El-Horr, Jana; Pande, Rohini PrabhaWithin the past decade the Maldives moved from poverty to middle-income status, introduced democracy, and was hailed as a Millennium Development Goal Plus country. Women face little discrimination in basic aspects of life such as primary education, health and survival – unlike in much of South Asia. This economic and social progress has yet to be fully inclusive, however, and gender inequality endures, despite constitutional guarantees to the contrary. This is at least partly due to a shift in the nature of Islamic practice in the Maldives towards more rigidly patriarchal interpretations. Women’s labor force participation is high, but limited to lower echelons of the economy. Women are slightly more likely than men to be unemployed. Despite gender-equal primary schooling, girls’ access to tertiary and professional education is hampered by beliefs about girls’ and women’s mobility, and primacy of household roles over others. Within the home, women face challenges that men do not, such as high risks of domestic violence and little control over household assets. Finally, women have limited presence in politics and governance. Men struggle with different gendered situations. Unemployment is high among young men, who also increasingly are alienated from society and family. This alienation, combined with a lack of strong alternative social structures to replace the breakdown of traditional family structures that has accompanied Maldives’ development trajectory, appear to be propelling young men towards greater social conservatism, participation in gangs, drug use and violence. Nonetheless, women are more disadvantaged in more realms of life than are men. Moreover, public support for gender equality and women’s rights appears to be declining. These developments are worrying for the future of gender equality in the Maldives, as well as for a more inclusive development model that would offer opportunities to both men and women.