Person:
Garrote Sánchez, Daniel

Last updated: October 30, 2024

Biography

Daniel Garrote Sánchez is an economist in the Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice, Europe and Central Asia unit, at the World Bank. His areas of expertise include labor migration and forced displacement, the changing task content of jobs, and the impact of the green transition on the labor market. Prior to joining the World Bank, he worked for the Lebanese Center of Policy Studies, the Ministry of Labor of Saudi Arabia, and the Central Bank of Spain. He holds a master’s degree in public administration and international development from the Harvard Kennedy School and a bachelor’s degree in economics and law from Carlos III University.

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

The Journey Ahead: Supporting Successful Migration in Europe and Central Asia
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-31) Bossavie, Laurent; Garrote Sánchez, Daniel; Makovec, Mattia
The Journey Ahead: Supporting Successful Migration in Europe and Central Asia provides an in-depth analysis of international migration in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) and the implications for policy making. By identifying challenges and opportunities associated with migration in the region, it aims to inform a more nuanced, evidencebased debate on the costs and benefits of cross-border mobility. Using data-driven insights and new analysis, the report shows that migration has been an engine of prosperity and has helped address some of ECA’s demographic and socioeconomic disparities. Yet, migration’s full economic potential remains untapped. The report identifies multiple barriers keeping migration from achieving its full potential. Crucially, it argues that policies in both origin and destination countries can help maximize the development impacts of migration and effectively manage the economic, social, and political costs. Drawing from a wide range of literature, country experiences, and novel analysis, The Journey Ahead presents actionable policy options to enhance the benefits of migration for destination and origin countries and migrants themselves. Some measures can be taken unilaterally by countries, whereas others require close bilateral or regional coordination. The recommendations are tailored to different types of migration— forced displacement as well as high-skilled and low-skilled economic migration—and from the perspectives of both sending and receiving countries. This report serves as a comprehensive resource for governments, development partners, and other stakeholders throughout Europe and Central Asia, where the richness and diversity of migration experiences provide valuable insights for policy makers in other regions of the world.
Corruption as a Push and Pull Factor of Migration Flows: Evidence from European Countries
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2023-09-14) Bernini, Andrea; Bossavie, Laurent; Garrote Sanchez, Daniel; Makovec, Mattia; Garrote Sánchez, Daniel
Conclusive evidence on the relationship between corruption and migration has remained scant in the literature to date. Using data from 2008 to 2018 on bilateral migration flows across European Union and European Free Trade Association countries and four measures of corruption, this paper shows that corruption acts as both a push factor and a pull factor for migration patterns. Based on a gravity model, a one-unit increase in the corruption level in the origin country is associated with a 11 percent increase in out-migration. The same one-unit increase in the destination country is associated with a 10 percent decline in in-migration.
Safe and Productive Migration from the Kyrgyz Republic: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Washington, DC : World Bank, 2022) Bossavie, Laurent; Garrote Sánchez, Daniel
The benefits of international migration for workers from the Kyrgyz Republic, their families, and the home economy are tremendous. The migration process, however, comes with a set of vulnerabilities and risks. Those have been brought to light by the COVID-19 pandemic, which heavily tested migration systems and strongly impacted labor migration. Relying on rigorous analysis of the existing microdata, Safe and Productive Migration from the Kyrgyz Republic: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic shows that these vulnerabilities are present at each stage of the migration life cycle: predeparture, during migration, and after return. While COVID-19 has put these limitations at the forefront, this book highlights that many already existed before the pandemic and would persist in the long run in the absence of adequate policy responses. This book presents policy recommendations to enhance the benefits of international migration for the Kyrgyz Republic and reduce its risks. Beyond the COVID-19 context, these recommendations can also help mitigate the impact of other negative shocks to international migration from the country, including the adverse spillovers of the recent Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Given the strong similarities in migration systems and patterns between the Kyrgyz Republic and other migrant-sending countries, especially those in Central Asia, the policy lessons drawn from this book are relevant beyond the Kyrgyz context.
Migration in Bulgaria: Current Challenges and Opportunities
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-12) Garrote Sánchez, Daniel; Kreuder, Janis; Testaverde, Mauro
This paper presents evidence on trends, profiles, drivers, and impacts of Bulgarian emigration. The analysis shows that emigration is mostly led by sizable wage differentials and that emigrants tend to be young, contributing to a decrease in the working-age population in the country, particularly in rural regions. Emigration is not associated with unemployment reductions, evidencing rigidities in the labor market, but leads to wage gains for workers with similar skills. Furthermore, migration has not led to national skill shortages of doctors, and the rate of return migration is high, especially for Bulgarians who migrated to other EU countries. Some challenges emerge when returnees try to reintegrate into the Bulgarian labor market, calling for potential policy interventions to address these issues.
Who on Earth Can Work from Home?
(Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank, 2021-03-03) Garrote Sánchez, Daniel; Gomez Parra, Nicolas; Ozden, Caglar; Rijkers, Bob; Viollaz, Mariana; Winkler, Hernan
This paper reviews the emerging literature on which jobs can be performed from home and presents new estimates of the prevalence of such jobs based on the task content of occupations, their technology requirements and the availability of internet access by country and income groupings. Globally, one of every five jobs can be performed from home. In low-income countries, this ratio drops to one of every 26 jobs. Failing to account for internet access yields upward biased estimates of the resilience of poor countries, lagging regions, and poor workers. Since better paid workers are more likely to be able to work from home, COVID-19 is likely to exacerbate inequality, especially in richer countries where better paid and educated workers are insulated from the shock. The overall labor market burden of COVID-19 is bound to be larger in poor countries, where only a small share of workers can work from home and social protection systems are weaker. Across the globe, young, poorly educated workers and those on temporary contracts are least likely to be able to work from home and more vulnerable to the labor market shocks from COVID-19.
Who on Earth Can Work from Home?
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-07) Garrote Sánchez, Daniel; Gomez Parra, Nicolas; Ozden, Caglar; Rijkers, Bob; Viollaz, Mariana; Winkler, Hernan
This paper presents new estimates of the share of jobs that can be performed from home. The analysis is based on the task content of occupations, their information and communications technology requirements, and the availability of internet access by country and income groupings. Globally, one of every five jobs can be performed from home. The ability to telework is correlated with income. In low-income countries, only one of every 26 jobs can be done from home. Failing to account for internet access yields upward biased estimates of the resilience of poor countries, lagging regions, and poor workers. Since better paid workers are more likely to be able to work from home, COVID-19 is likely to exacerbate inequality, especially in richer countries where better paid and educated workers are insulated from the shock. The overall labor market burden of COVID-19 is bound to be larger in poor countries, where only a small share of workers can work from home and social protection systems are weaker. Across the globe, young, poorly educated workers and those on temporary contracts are least likely to be able to work from home and more vulnerable to the labor market shocks from COVID-19.
Occupational Hazards: Migrants and the Economic and Health Risks of COVID-19 in Western Europe
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-12) Bossavie, Laurent; Garrote Sanchez, Daniel; Makovec, Mattia; Ozden, Caglar; Garrote Sánchez, Daniel
This paper investigates the economic and health risks arising from the COVID-19 pandemic for migrant workers in the European Union. It first assesses migrants’ economic and health vulnerabilities using ex ante measures based on both supply and demand shocks. The analysis finds that immigrants were more vulnerable than native-born workers to both income- and health-related risks, and that this greater exposure stems from the occupations in which migrant workers are concentrated. Migrants work to a greater degree than native-born citizens in occupations that are less amenable to teleworking arrangements, and in economic sectors that experienced greater reductions in demand during the pandemic. This has led to an increase in both their income and employment risks. The paper shows that individual characteristics, such as educational attainment, age, and geographical location, fail to explain the native-migrant gap in exposure to economic and health risks posed by the pandemic. Limited language ability, the concentration of migrants in jobs with labor shortages among native-born workers, and a reliance on immigrant networks to find jobs all appear to play significant roles in migrants’ exposure to pandemic-related risks. Finally, the paper finds that actual job losses in 2020, the first year of the pandemic, are highly correlated with ex-ante vulnerabilities: immigrant workers experienced significantly higher rates of job losses, which partly originates from their greater concentration in non-teleworkable jobs. Ex-ante vulnerabilities, however, only explain part of the migrant-native gap in job losses that followed the pandemic and being an immigrant still imposes additional risks.
Do Immigrants Shield the Locals? Exposure to COVID-Related Risks in the European Union
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-12) Bossavie, Laurent; Garrote Sánchez, Daniel; Makovec, Mattia; Ozden, Caglar
This paper investigates the relationship between immigration and the exposure of native workers to the health and labor-market risks arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. Using various measures of occupational risks based on European Union labor force survey data, the paper finds that immigrant workers, especially those from lower-income member countries in Eastern Europe or from outside the EU, face greater exposure than their native-born peers to both income and health-shocks related to COVID-19. The paper also shows that native workers living in regions with a higher concentration of immigrants are less exposed to some of the income and health risks associated with the pandemic. To assess whether this relationship is causal, a Bartik-type shift-share instrument is used to control for potential bias and unobservable factors that would lead migrants to self-select into more vulnerable occupations across regions. The results show that the presence of immigrant workers has a causal effect in reducing the exposure of native workers to various risks by enabling the native-born workers to move into jobs that could be undertaken from the safety of their homes or with lower face-to-face interactions. The effects on the native-born population are more pronounced for high-skilled workers than for low-skilled workers, and for women than for men. The paper does not find a significant effect of immigration on wages and employment — indicating that the effects are mostly driven by a reallocation of natives from less safe jobs to safer jobs.
Which Jobs Are Most Vulnerable to COVID-19? What an Analysis of the European Union Reveals
(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-05-11) Garrote Sánchez, Daniel; Gomez Parra, Nicolas; Ozden, Caglar; Rijkers, Bob
This Research and Policy Brief presents measures of labor market exposure to COVID-19 (coronavirus)in the European Union (EU) by identifying jobs in non-essential industries that cannot be performed from home. Jobs most at risk account for 30 percent of all EU employment. These jobs are concentrated in lagging regions; tend to be low paid and less secure; and are disproportionately held by young, poorly educated workers and migrants. In the absence of urgent large-scale remedial action, the COVID-19 (coronavirus) is likely to exacerbate preexisting socioeconomic and regional disparities.