Publication: Contract Agriculture Lessons from Experiences in Costa Rica
Loading...
Files in English
225 downloads
Date
2008
ISSN
Published
2008
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
Contract farming or contract agriculture is a practice by which agro-industrial processors, exporters, domestic suppliers to supermarkets and other interested actors contract primary production with producers. The factors that have encouraged contract farming in Costa Rica can be grouped in three major areas: 1) interest of the contractors to guarantee supply of the products under specific quality standards required by mass distribution systems or by importers; 2) avoiding problems related to administration of farms and particularly managing of personnel; and 3) distribution of risks that could be derived by high concentration of production. The study concludes are that there is a high variety in the modalities of contract farming; arrangements vary depending on crops or animal products; most contract agreements include clauses on technical assistance, quality controls and pricing, and few include financing; support and guarantee of purchase of the products helps farmers in their arrangements to obtain financing; the degree of formality of contracts is varied, being more stringent when contractors are private firms; and there is no special legislation for the specific case of contract farming. The benefits of contract farming accrue to producers and contractors, yet the former share a less significant portion of the benefits if one considers that they share most of the remaining risks.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“Chiriboga, Manuel; Charnay, Romain; Chehab, Carol. 2008. Contract Agriculture Lessons from Experiences in Costa Rica. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9072 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Women in Agriculture : Some Results of Household Surveys Data Analysis(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008)Using data obtained from Living Standards Measurement Surveys of rural households, the socio demographics of female and male headed households for a limited set of countries in the 90's and 2000's are studied. The analysis shows that the bigger the participation of agriculture in the national product, the larger the number of female headed rural households. General trends in average schooling, comparative unemployment, changes in income or consumption and access to electricity services, poverty and income inequality among rural households are investigated.Publication Towards National and Global Agendas: Latin America and the Caribbean(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008)A new agenda is needed to revitalize agriculture and rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to improve overall development. The domestic market, in LAC and in most of its countries individually, is the largest and the fastest growing market for agricultural products, which creates important opportunities for agricultural growth. A strategy to promote small and medium family farms aimed at the new domestic markets should have the objectives of: (a) fostering an enabling environment for broad-based investment and growth, (b) developing and modernizing domestic markets to upgrade them to meet the challenge of new consumer demands and modern retail-driven food supply and distribution chains; and (c) strengthening the capacities of small and medium family farms through greater access to effective financial services, training, technical assistance and producers organizations.Publication Case Studies of Agri-Processing and Contract Agriculture in Africa(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2006-11)This paper reflected upon a wide range of situations in the evolution of the agroprocessing sector and its relations with farmers, in the context of national and international enabling policies. It highlights the importance or potential of contractual arrangements for governing the relationships between small and medium farmers and agroprocessors. The effectiveness of contracts has been shown to vary under different market settings and different markets agents. This paper illustrates the capacity of farmers-to-processors linkages in Africa to foster the effectiveness of agricultural growth for poverty reduction, make advantage of untapped sources of growth and generate pro-poor development through adequate institutions.Publication Small Farmers in Developing Countries : Some Results of Household Surveys Data Analysis(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2006-11)Using data obtained from Living Standards Measurement Surveys of rural households, the socioeconomic trends in rural households is defined for a limited set of countries in the 90's and 2000's. These trends are studied in light of seven categories of rural economies: self-employed agriculture, employer agriculture (land owners), employee agriculture, self-employed not agriculture; employer not agriculture, employee not agriculture, not in the labor force. Relative differences in income, consumption and poverty are documented.Publication Rural Development from a Territorial Perspective : Lessons and Potential in Sub-Saharan Africa(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008)Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) poverty reduction and economic growth strategies and programs concentrate on consolidating economic growth at the macro level, through increased investment and productivity of key sectors including agriculture and enhanced employment. Such strategies do not set out clear mechanisms whereby prosperity can be generated at the sub-national level, nor do they recognize the different contributions that agriculture has to make to reduction of poverty in diverse locations, settings and territories. The paper analyzes the lessons and potential poverty impacts involved in the application of territorial and local economic development (LED) approaches and makes preliminary assessments of the transferability of these approaches to SSA.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2022(Washington, DC, 2022-11)The economy continues to contract, albeit at a somewhat slower pace. Public finances improved in 2021, but only because spending collapsed faster than revenue generation. Testament to the continued atrophy of Lebanon’s economy, the Lebanese Pound continues to depreciate sharply. The sharp deterioration in the currency continues to drive surging inflation, in triple digits since July 2020, impacting the poor and vulnerable the most. An unprecedented institutional vacuum will likely further delay any agreement on crisis resolution and much needed reforms; this includes prior actions as part of the April 2022 International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff-level agreement (SLA). Divergent views among key stakeholders on how to distribute the financial losses remains the main bottleneck for reaching an agreement on a comprehensive reform agenda. Lebanon needs to urgently adopt a domestic, equitable, and comprehensive solution that is predicated on: (i) addressing upfront the balance sheet impairments, (ii) restoring liquidity, and (iii) adhering to sound global practices of bail-in solutions based on a hierarchy of creditors (starting with banks’ shareholders) that protects small depositors.Publication Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21)This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.Publication World Development Report 2006(Washington, DC, 2005)This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.Publication World Development Report 2011(World Bank, 2011)The 2011 World development report looks across disciplines and experiences drawn from around the world to offer some ideas and practical recommendations on how to move beyond conflict and fragility and secure development. The key messages are important for all countries-low, middle, and high income-as well as for regional and global institutions: first, institutional legitimacy is the key to stability. When state institutions do not adequately protect citizens, guard against corruption, or provide access to justice; when markets do not provide job opportunities; or when communities have lost social cohesion-the likelihood of violent conflict increases. Second, investing in citizen security, justice, and jobs is essential to reducing violence. But there are major structural gaps in our collective capabilities to support these areas. Third, confronting this challenge effectively means that institutions need to change. International agencies and partners from other countries must adapt procedures so they can respond with agility and speed, a longer-term perspective, and greater staying power. Fourth, need to adopt a layered approach. Some problems can be addressed at the country level, but others need to be addressed at a regional level, such as developing markets that integrate insecure areas and pooling resources for building capacity Fifth, in adopting these approaches, need to be aware that the global landscape is changing. Regional institutions and middle income countries are playing a larger role. This means should pay more attention to south-south and south-north exchanges, and to the recent transition experiences of middle income countries.Publication Guide to the Debt Management Performance Assessment Tool(Washington, DC, 2008-02-05)The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and supplemental information to assist with country assessments of debt management performance, using the Debt Management Performance Assessment (DeMPA) tool. The DeMPA is a methodology used for assessing public debt management performance through a comprehensive set of 15 performance indicators spanning the full range of government Debt Management (DeM) functions. It is based on the principles set out in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank guidelines for public debt management, initially published in 2001 and updated in 2003. It is modeled after the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework for performance measurement of public financial management. The DeMPA has been designed to be a user-friendly tool to undertake an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in government DeM practices. This guide provides additional background and supporting information so that a no specialist in the area of debt management may undertake a country assessment effectively. The guide can be used by assessors in preparing for and undertaking an assessment. It is particularly useful for understanding the rationale for the inclusion of the indicators, the scoring methodology, and the list of supporting documents or evidence required, and the questions that could be asked for the assessment.