Publication:
Market Study for the Philippines: Plastics Circularity Opportunities and Barriers

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (19.03 MB)
17,239 downloads
English PDF (6.21 MB)
5,185 downloads
Date
2021-03-22
ISSN
Published
2021-03-22
Editor(s)
Abstract
Mismanaged plastic waste has growing economic and environmental consequences. USD 80-120 billion worth of plastic packaging is lost from the global economy each year due to lack of recycling and suboptimal value creation where recycling exists. Globally, 4.8 to 12.7 million tonnes of plastic leak into our oceans each year with Asia contributing to over 80 percent of this marine leakage. The Philippines is the third largest contributor with an estimated 0.75 million metric tons of mismanaged plastic entering the ocean every year. This has led to an increased awareness towards plastic waste management, bringing the topic of plastic pollution to the forefront of consumer consciousness in the Philippines. To address the challenge of plastic waste management, the Philippines is currently developing new strategies. The National Plan of Action on Marine Litter, under development by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) with support of UNDP Philippines, is currently being finalized. The plan recognizes the need for more concerted and unified efforts from various stakeholders to tackle the problem of marine litter. The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) published The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022 targeting a national waste diversion rate of 80 percent by 2022. This will be primarily achieved through the enforcement of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act RA9003—an integrated solid waste management plan based on the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle). Furthermore, in 2019, NEDA published the Philippine Action Plan for Sustainable Consumption and Production (PAP4SCP) to improve waste management and plastic circularity. This study addresses the critical need for a private sector focused market assessment of plastics recycling in the Philippines. Reuse, refill and new delivery model aspects of a circular economy for plastics are evaluated, but the primary focus of the study is plastic recycling, where scalable private sector investment solutions are greatest.
Link to Data Set
Citation
World Bank Group. 2021. Market Study for the Philippines: Plastics Circularity Opportunities and Barriers. East Asia and Pacific Region Marine Plastics Series;. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35295 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Market Study for Malaysia
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-03-22) World Bank Group
    Plastics are an integral and important part of the global and Malaysian economy. Since the 1950’s, the use of plastic products globally has expanded twenty-fold, reaching 360 million tons in 2018 due to their low cost, various functional properties, durability and wide range of applications. In Malaysia, the plastic industry contributed RM 30.98 billion (USD 7.23 billion) to the national economy, representing 4.7% of Malaysia’s GDP, in 2018. Mismanaged plastic waste has growing economic and environmental consequences. Malaysia is playing an active role at the regional level and setting ambitious national goals. This study addresses a critical need for a market assessment of the plastics value chain in Malaysia.
  • Publication
    Scaling Up Marine Management : The Role of Marine Protected Areas
    (Washington, DC, 2006-08) World Bank
    This study answers the key questions on marine protected areas (MPAs) by assessing country experience with these and other tools along the marine management area continuum that have been adopted to address loss of biodiversity and fisheries and other marine resource degradation, which have eroded traditional use rights and cultural identify. In light of the confusing array of MPA types and other Marine Management Areas, the report creates a typology of tools based on their structure and objectives and commented on their relative effectiveness in achieving objectives, including marine conservation. Finally, the report assesses the best way of scaling up these interventions to achieve results at meaningful scales through replication, networking, or mainstreaming onto other platforms. The main findings of this report were: open access is a principal driver of resource degradation in coastal commons; enforceable governance systems will be required to begin to deal with the formidable problem of regulating access (including types and rates of resource exploitation)-systems that can accommodate different marine coastal and marine environments and that do not undermine local cultural values and practices; while they can be successful in regulating access and use, particularly at the scale of local community-managed reserves, MPAs are fragile governance structures; they require ongoing stakeholder participation in co-management arrangements with authorities and adequate resources to enforce limited entry and use; MPAs are costly to establish and maintain; MPAs cannot survive in isolation; and a broad spectrum of MPA and other emerging coastal and marine management (CMM) frameworks are now in use.
  • Publication
    Upstream Reduction of Solid Waste Generation : Implications on Dioxin and Furan Emission
    (Washington, DC, 2011-05) World Bank
    Environmental Resources Management-PR, Inc presents this report entitled 'upstream reduction of solid waste generation and its implications on dioxin and furan emissions' as part of the project phase two study upstream reduction of solid waste generation and its implications on dioxin and furan emissions, approved by the World Bank on April 19, 2011. Burning of garbage is prevalent in Latin America at poorly managed disposal sites and when it is used as a means of disposal at the household level in rural areas and other areas not adequately covered by collection. Waste burning is one of the major sources of dioxins and furans in these Countries. Current strategies to reduce these emissions include the long term process of converting dumpsites to landfills and expanding collection to areas not covered by the collection service. In addition to these programs, reduction in waste generation volume potentially present a cost-effective means to reduce overall dioxin and furan emissions and there is some evidence that reducing certain types of wastes (plastics and chlorinated polymers) will reduce the levels of dioxin and furans emitted from a given quantity waste.
  • Publication
    Minimizing Environmental Impacts of Industrial Growth : Case Study of Petrochemical Industry in Kazakhstan
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2006-02-03) Peszko, Grzegorz; Peszko, Grzegorz; Artuykhina, Galina; Van den Berg, Katelijn; Eleuova, Kargylash; Hildrews, Jim; Inuytin, Sergey; Kireyev, Madi; Krzyżanowski, Piotr; Van Woerden, Frank
    Revival and development of the petrochemical industry in Kazakhstan is possible without serious damage to the environment, so long as measures by investors in plant revival include best available techniques (BATs) that avoid and minimize impact on the environment as a whole.This study was initiated to develop methodologies to analyze and mitigate key environmental and natural resource aspects of industrial growth and to propose ways to integrate these methodologies into policy tools. The emerging petrochemical industry was selected to demonstrate how methodology can be applied. The report is structured as two interrelated tools: Technical guidelines (chapters two and three) focus on (i) an analysis of availability of environmental resources in different oblasts; and (ii) references to internationally BATs in the production of polymers. These techniques avoid and minimize impact on the environment as a whole. Policy guidelines (chapters four and five) focus on policy instruments which would encourage plant developers to apply the best available techniques when developing potentially hazardous industrial production in Kazakhstan.
  • Publication
    The Circular Plastics Economy in Mozambique
    (Washington, DC, 2021) World Bank
    The World Bank Group developed the Mozambique problue program (MozAzul) to provide comprehensive technical assistance to the Government of Mozambique on the blue economy agenda. The objective of the MozAzul program is to strengthen the knowledge base on the sustainable blue economy development in Mozambique, and under pillar 2, specifically on marine litter. This study is intended to inform the government’s upcoming national action plan to combat marine litter as well as intensify engagement with stakeholders, including innovators and around new business models. It is mainly concerned with assessing the circular economy opportunities in Mozambique as they relate to marine plastics litter. The assignment forming the basis of this study has set its parameters on the upstream (pre-waste) opportunities for plastics circularity, leveraging the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s ReSOLVE framework to map out the various levers that organizations may employ in their transition towards improved material efficiency. The methodology leverages extensive desk research, the collection of primary data through interviews with relevant stakeholders located in Mozambique, and interviews with key stakeholders who can provide insight on the circular opportunities and existing business models practiced in Mozambique. The methodology also leverages real-time findings concurrently being developed by local and international experts, and organizations conducting parallel studies (i.e. IUCN). As of the writing of this report, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to hamper Mozambique’s economy and health sectors. As a result of the ongoing pandemic, this report is decidedly both more thorough in explaining the new concepts and approaches leading to the explanation of circular economy opportunities in Mozambique, and simultaneously less reliant on local stakeholder interviews than initially intended.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Guidance on the Development of a Roadmap for Managing Plastic Waste and Reduction of Non-Recyclable Single-use Plastics in the Philippines
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-03) World Bank
    Plastic waste has become a serious threat in Southeast Asia because of its adverse environmental, health, and economic impacts. Single-use plastics (SUPs) are a major concern in countries such as the Philippines due to SUPs’ extensive use and significant production, which has resulted from economic growth, increasing availability, and consumers’ desire for convenience. In 2019, Filipinos used more than 163 million plastic sachets, 48 million shopping bags, and 45 million thin-film bags (GAIA 2019). Of the estimated 1.7 million metric tons (MTs) of post-consumer plastic waste generated in the Philippines every year, 33 percent is deposited in landfills and dumpsites, and 35 percent is discarded on open land. A significant amount leaks into waterways and the ocean (WWF Philippines, Cyclos GmbH, and AMH Philippines 2020). The government of the Philippines has adopted several important measures to combat the negative impacts of mismanaged plastic waste. The principal law governing plastic waste management is the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 9003), which is supplemented by the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2023–2028; the Extended Producer Responsibility Act of 2022 (Republic Act 11898); and the ordinances passed by at least 489 of the country’s 1,634 local government units (LGUs) to regulate the use of plastic bags and expanded polystyrene. In addition to these legal instruments, the government developed the National Plan of Action for the Prevention, Reduction, and Management of Marine Litter (NPOA-ML), which has the goal of achieving Zero Waste to Philippine Waters by 2040. However, despite these strong measures, plastic waste pollution continues to be a serious problem across the Philippines. The World Bank, in response to a request from the government of the Philippines, developed this Roadmap to pave the way for attaining the goal of Zero Plastic Waste Pollution by 2040.
  • Publication
    What a Waste 2.0
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2018-09-20) Kaza, Silpa; Yao, Lisa C.; Bhada-Tata, Perinaz; Van Woerden, Frank; Ionkova, Kremena; Morton, John; Poveda, Renan Alberto; Sarraf, Maria; Malkawi, Fuad; Harinath, A.S.; Banna, Farouk; An, Gyongshim; Imoto, Haruka; Levine, Daniel
    By 2050, the world is expected to generate 3.40 billion tons of waste annually, increasing drastically from today’s 2.01 billion tons. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 aggregates extensive solid waste data at the national and urban levels. It estimates and projects waste generation to 2030 and 2050. Beyond the core data metrics from waste generation to disposal, the report provides information on waste management costs, revenues, and tariffs; special wastes; regulations; public communication; administrative and operational models; and the informal sector.
  • Publication
    Looking Beyond the Horizon
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017-06) Mihretu, Mamo; Llobet, Gabriela
    The story of how the PVH Corp. (referred to throughout this document as PVH) came to leada group of its top suppliers to build factories and a fabric mill in Ethiopia’s Hawassa IndustrialPark (HIP) is the study of a strong collaboration between a private company looking to optimizeits business model and a government aiming to transform its economy through global strategic repositioning. The success of this story hinges upon the intersection of their goals and a shared vision of development that includes a strong commitment to social and environmental goals.PVH was motivated to invest in Ethiopia to respond to shifts in the global apparel sector, its growing desire to retool its business model and to address its concerns about compliance with social and environmental standards in its traditional sourcing locations. PVH had decided to rethink its business model and to look beyond the horizon towards a new region in which tolocate its manufacturing base. To have better oversight and enforcement, PVH moved to adopta fully integrated vertical supply chain, including direct investment in one of the manufacturingfacilities.Key to Ethiopia’s success in attracting this important investor was the government’s ability and willingness to strategically evaluate its foreign direct investment (FDI) needs and strategy and to take steps to evolve into an attractive location for higher value-added export-oriented investment.This case study explains a private investor’s site selection process. It assesses the elements PVH prioritized when deciding to commit to Ethiopia, and specifically to HIP. The case study further assesses the government of Ethiopia’s strategy, level of readiness, interest, and commitment, and sets out some key challenges that lie ahead for this partnership. The case study is structured in ten sections. Section second offers a brief background on the textile and apparel industry, including an explanation of its value chain. It provides a brief corporate profile of PVH and its current global footprint and business model. Section third describes the site selection process: PVH´s initial explorations in Africa, its consideration of several African countries, and its initial conversations and negotiations with Ethiopian authorities. Section fourth discusses the Ethiopian government’s strategy to attract and expand export-oriented investments, including efforts to bolster the country’s competitiveness. This section attempts to offer some explanation why Ethiopia was the right fit at the right time and its level of readiness to land such an investment. It provides a brief profile of PVH’s Africa point of entry, the HIP. Section sixth covers the challenges that lie ahead for this-project---potential setbacks that will affect not only the consolidation and growth of the textiles and apparel industry in Ethiopia, but also the government’s vision of becoming the “manufacturing powerhouse of Africa.” Section eighth concludes with some key lessons from PVH’s decision to invest in Ethiopia. Such lessons may be relevant to countries or regions interested inattracting FDI and may be of particular interest to other African countries in their quest to attract major investments in the textile and apparel sector.
  • Publication
    Economy Profile of West Bank and Gaza
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-10-31) World Bank Group
    Sixteenth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2019 covers 11 areas of business regulation. Ten of these areas - starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency - are included in the ease of doing business score and ease of doing business ranking. Doing Business also measures features of labor market regulation, which is not included in these two measures. Doing Business provides objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 190 economies and selected cities at the subnational and regional level. This economy profile presents indicators for West Bank and Gaza; for 2019 West Bank and Gaza ranks 116.
  • Publication
    World Development Report 2017
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2017-01-30) World Bank Group
    Why are carefully designed, sensible policies too often not adopted or implemented? When they are, why do they often fail to generate development outcomes such as security, growth, and equity? And why do some bad policies endure? This book addresses these fundamental questions, which are at the heart of development. Policy making and policy implementation do not occur in a vacuum. Rather, they take place in complex political and social settings, in which individuals and groups with unequal power interact within changing rules as they pursue conflicting interests. The process of these interactions is what this Report calls governance, and the space in which these interactions take place, the policy arena. The capacity of actors to commit and their willingness to cooperate and coordinate to achieve socially desirable goals are what matter for effectiveness. However, who bargains, who is excluded, and what barriers block entry to the policy arena determine the selection and implementation of policies and, consequently, their impact on development outcomes. Exclusion, capture, and clientelism are manifestations of power asymmetries that lead to failures to achieve security, growth, and equity. The distribution of power in society is partly determined by history. Yet, there is room for positive change. This Report reveals that governance can mitigate, even overcome, power asymmetries to bring about more effective policy interventions that achieve sustainable improvements in security, growth, and equity. This happens by shifting the incentives of those with power, reshaping their preferences in favor of good outcomes, and taking into account the interests of previously excluded participants. These changes can come about through bargains among elites and greater citizen engagement, as well as by international actors supporting rules that strengthen coalitions for reform.