Publication:
Impact Evaluation of Business License Simplification in Peru : An Independent Assessment of an International Finance Corporation-Supported Project

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (1.81 MB)
501 downloads
English Text (142.69 KB)
61 downloads
Published
2013
ISSN
Date
2013-01-31
Editor(s)
Abstract
This evaluation assesses the impact of International Finance Corporation's (IFC's) Business License Simplification Project in the municipality of Lima, Peru. It reviews two previous evaluations sponsored by IFC and adds new evidence. Under the project, IFC's Foreign Investment Advisory Services (FIAS) worked with the municipality of Lima to reform the administrative process for obtaining a business license in Cercado de Lima, one of 44 districts that comprise metropolitan Lima. According to the municipality, 64 percent of the businesses in this district lacked a business license in 2005, and most of them were microenterprises. The project was implemented from January 2005 to March 2007. The present evaluation conducted an independent review of both previous studies, collected additional data, verified the previous findings, and placed the findings in the context of related studies and evaluations. The goal was to take stock of the results, collect and use other evidence, and draw lessons for future IFC and World Bank operations. This chapter describes and compares the divergent evidence on which procedures were simplified by the license reform and by how much. A second chapter reviews existing evaluations and previous relevant findings from other countries; a third replicates and extends the regression evidence on the impact of license reform on critical business outcomes, such as revenues and employment. The fourth chapter, a cost-benefit assessment of the desirability of the whole program, reviews what the behavior of businesses and their own testimony reveals about the benefits of registration. The final chapter takes into account the findings reviewed in previous chapters, as well as new evidence in this study, and offers policy implications and recommendations for IFC.
Link to Data Set
Citation
Independent Evaluation Group. 2013. Impact Evaluation of Business License Simplification in Peru : An Independent Assessment of an International Finance Corporation-Supported Project. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12227 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    The Demand for, and Consequences of, Formalization among Informal Firms in Sri Lanka
    (2012-03-01) de Mel, Suresh; McKenzie, David; Woodruff, Christopher
    The majority of firms in most developing countries are informal. The authors of this paper conducted a field experiment in Sri Lanka that provided incentives for informal firms to formalize. Offering only information about the registration process and reimbursement for direct registration costs had no impact on formalization. Adding payments equivalent to one-half to one month's profits for the median firm led to registration of around one-fifth of firms. A larger payment equivalent to two months' median profits induced half the firms to register. The main reasons for not formalizing when offered incentives included issues related to ownership of land and concerns about facing labor taxes in the future. The degree of bureaucracy in the registration process also seems to matter for those with the incentive to register, with response to the incentives higher in Colombo, where the registration process was easier, than in Kandy. Three follow-up surveys, at 15 to 31 months after the intervention, measure the impact of formalizing on these firms. Although mean profits increased, this appears largely due to the experiences of a few firms that grew rapidly, with most firms experiencing no increase in income as a result of formalizing. The authors also find little evidence for most of the channels through which formalization is hypothesized to benefit firms, although formalized firms do advertise more and are more likely to use receipt books. In qualitative interviews owners of formalized firms also feel their businesses have more legitimacy. Finally, formalizing is found to result in a large increase in trust in the state. Their focus is largely on the private costs and benefits of existing firms formalizing. Within their sample they cannot measure broader impacts of formalization on other firms (who may prosper from not having to compete against informal firms not paying taxes), nor impacts of easier formalization on entry of new firms. Nevertheless, our results suggest that although most informal firms do not want to formalize, given the current private costs and benefits of formalizing, policy efforts that lead to relatively modest increases in the net benefits of formalizing would induce a sizeable share of informal firms to formalize.
  • Publication
    Doing Business in Egypt 2008
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008) World Bank; International Finance Corporation
    Doing Business in Egypt 2008 covers three topics at the sub national level: starting a business, dealing with licenses and registering property. These indicators have been selected because they cover areas of local jurisdiction and practice. In the last two years, doing business in Egypt has become more affordable the minimum capital required to start a business and the costs of registering property and dealing with licenses have been slashed. Doing Business in Egypt 2008 records all procedures required for a business in the construction industry to build a standardized warehouse. Doing Business in Egypt 2008 records the full sequence of procedures necessary when a business purchases land and a building to transfer the property title from another business so that the buyer can use the property for expanding its business, as collateral in taking new loans or, if necessary, to sell to another business. The ease of doing business index is limited in scope. The Doing Business indicators provide a new empirical data set that may improve understanding of these issues.
  • Publication
    Bhutan Investment Climate Assessment Report : Vitalizing the Private Sector, Creating Jobs, Volume 1. Summary Report
    (Washington, DC, 2010-09) World Bank
    The objective of the Bhutan Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) is to evaluate the investment climate in Bhutan in all its operational dimensions and promote policies to strengthen the private sector. This ICA consists of two volumes. Volume 1 summarizes the main results. Volume 2 presents a more detailed analysis of each of the three main themes of the report: labor productivity and skills, access to finance, and business government relations, and is supplemented by a chapter on the gender dimensions of the investment climate. Volume 2 also includes the supporting econometric analysis of the enterprise survey data. The purpose of Volume 2 is to provide additional detail on the underlying data and analysis which supports the main results summarized in Volume 1. In Volume 2, Chapter 1 sets the Bhutanese context and background, explains what's new in the second Bhutan Investment Climate Assessment, and presents the overall findings of the 2010 report. Chapter 2 reviews the characteristics of the investment climate in Bhutan, including the macroeconomic perspective. Chapter 3 discusses labor productivity and skills and the importance of focusing on high value added niche industries. Chapter 4 reviews access to finance as a primary constraint to firms in Bhutan and discusses an apparent access to finance paradox. Chapter 5 reviews the business government enabling environment in Bhutan and the importance of licensing reform. Chapter 6 discusses the gender dimension of the investment climate in Bhutan.
  • Publication
    Doing Business in Pakistan 2010
    (Washington, DC, 2010) World Bank; International Finance Corporation
    Doing Business in Pakistan 2010 is the first country-specific subnational report of the Doing Business series in Pakistan. The report builds on the regional Doing Business in South Asia 2005-7 series, which created quantitative indicators on business regulations for 6 Pakistani cities. Doing Business in Pakistan 2010 documents progress in the previously measured cities and extends the analysis to a total of 13 cities. Comparisons with Karachi and the rest of the world are based on the indicators in Doing Business in 2010: reforming through difficult times, the seventh in a series of annual reports published by the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. The indicators in Doing Business in Pakistan 2010 are also comparable with the data in other subnational Doing Business reports. Doing Business investigates the ways in which government regulations enhance or restrain business activity. The cities covered in Doing Business in Pakistan 2010 were selected jointly with Pakistan's Ministry of Finance and are the following: Faisalabad (Punjab), Gujranwala (Punjab), Hyderabad (Sindh), Islamabad (Islamabad Capital Territory, or ICT), Karachi (Sindh), Lahore (Punjab), Multan (Punjab), Peshawar (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Quetta (Balochistan), Rawalpindi (Punjab), Sheikhupura (Punjab), Sialkot (Punjab), and Sukkur (Sindh). Regulations affecting six stages of the life of a business are measured at the subnational level in Pakistan: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering property, enforcing contracts, trading across borders, and paying taxes. These indicators have been selected because they cover areas of local jurisdiction or practice. The data in Doing Business in Pakistan 2010 are current as of December 2009.
  • Publication
    Peru : Trajectories towards Formality
    (Washington, DC, 2008-06-16) World Bank
    This report is the outcome of very close cooperation with the authorities of the Government of Peru. The authorities have been involved in all stages of the process, going back to the first phase of this programmatic study. The authorities proved instrumental in helping design the focus of this report, including the scope of a survey of businesses conducted for this study, the survey questionnaire itself, they also suggested specific topics to be explored, which are presented throughout the report mainly in the form of boxes. This report focuses on the trajectories towards formality of micro and small businesses, drawing insight by polling those businesses directly. The study finds no significant impact of certain characteristics of formality, such as having a municipal license or being registered with the tax authorities, on the profitability of businesses or on their probability of obtaining a loan. These results must be accompanied, however, by the caveat that establishing the impact of informality econometrically is notoriously difficult. The methodology used in this report does not attempt to capture the negative effects that informality may have on the performance of formal firms, or the effects that informality may have in undermining social trust and the overall business environment. The study also finds informality to be particularly persistent in the area of labor relations and access to pension, driven largely by high costs of being formal, limited enforcement of labor relations, and a preference for flexible labor relations. These two findings combined suggest that: (i) efforts to increase the access to health insurance and pension coverage of workers through a shift from informal arrangements to existing formal labor relations will prove difficult; and (ii) alternative methods to increase access to health and pension coverage are well-worth exploring. The rest of these main findings concentrate on the conclusions of the study regarding the determinants of informality and what prompts businesses to move towards formality.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Business Ready 2024
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-03) World Bank
    Business Ready (B-READY) is a new World Bank Group corporate flagship report that evaluates the business and investment climate worldwide. It replaces and improves upon the Doing Business project. B-READY provides a comprehensive data set and description of the factors that strengthen the private sector, not only by advancing the interests of individual firms but also by elevating the interests of workers, consumers, potential new enterprises, and the natural environment. This 2024 report introduces a new analytical framework that benchmarks economies based on three pillars: Regulatory Framework, Public Services, and Operational Efficiency. The analysis centers on 10 topics essential for private sector development that correspond to various stages of the life cycle of a firm. The report also offers insights into three cross-cutting themes that are relevant for modern economies: digital adoption, environmental sustainability, and gender. B-READY draws on a robust data collection process that includes specially tailored expert questionnaires and firm-level surveys. The 2024 report, which covers 50 economies, serves as the first in a series that will expand in geographical coverage and refine its methodology over time, supporting reform advocacy, policy guidance, and further analysis and research.
  • Publication
    Argentina Country Climate and Development Report
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11) World Bank Group
    The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.
  • Publication
    Digital Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13) Begazo, Tania; Dutz, Mark Andrew; Blimpo, Moussa
    All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.
  • Publication
    Peru: Seizing Opportunities for Growth and Prosperity
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2025-03-11) World Bank
    Peru achieved remarkable economic success between 2002 and 2013 through structural reforms and prudent macroeconomic policies, nearly doubling the regional average with an annual growth rate of 6.1 percent and significantly reducing poverty from about 60 percent to 24 percent. However, progress has stalled since 2014, revealing structural challenges such as low productivity, persistent regional disparities, and declining institutional capacity exacerbated by political instability. Despite these obstacles, Peru retains substantial growth potential by strategically leveraging its comparative advantages, particularly as the world's second-largest copper exporter, and through sectors like agriculture and tourism. By adopting bold reforms to boost productivity, innovation, and women's economic empowerment, addressing spatial inequalities, and fundamentally strengthening institutional capacity and public investment management, Peru can accelerate its development trajectory and achieve high-income status by the early 2040s—three times faster than current trends suggest.
  • Publication
    Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21) Luna-Bazaldua, Diego; Levin, Victoria; Liberman, Julia; Gala, Priyal Mukesh
    This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.