Publication:
Closing the Gap: Gender, Transport, and Employment in Mumbai

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dc.contributor.authorAlam, Muneeza Mehmood
dc.contributor.authorCropper, Maureen
dc.contributor.authorHerrera Dappe, Matias
dc.contributor.authorSuri, Palak
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-11T14:46:56Z
dc.date.available2021-03-11T14:46:56Z
dc.date.issued2021-03
dc.description.abstractThere is increasing recognition that women experience mobility differently from men. A growing body of literature documents the differences in men and women’s mobility patterns. However, there is limited evidence on the evolution of these mobility patterns over time and the role that transportation networks play in women’s access to economic opportunities. This study attempts to fill these gaps. It contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it documents the differences in men and women’s mobility patterns in Mumbai, India, and the changes in these patterns over time, as the city has developed. Second, it explores whether the lack of access to mass transit limits women’s labor force participation. The study analyzes two household surveys conducted in the Greater Mumbai Region in 2004 and 2019. It finds important differences in the mobility patterns of men and women that reflect differences in the division of labor within the household. These differences in mobility patterns, and their evolution over time, point to an implicit “pink tax” on female mobility. Transport appears to be only one of many barriers to women’s labor force participation and not the most important one.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/444851615221040832/Closing-the-Gap-Gender-Transport-and-Employment-in-Mumbai
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-9569
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/35248
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 9569
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MOBILITY
dc.subjectGENDER BARRIERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSIT
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectPINK TAX
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectACCESS TO TRANSPORT
dc.titleClosing the Gapen
dc.title.subtitleGender, Transport, and Employment in Mumbaien
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleClosing the Gap: Gender, Transport, and Employment in Mumbai
okr.date.disclosure2021-03-08
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:48:06.819094Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/444851615221040832/Closing-the-Gap-Gender-Transport-and-Employment-in-Mumbai
okr.guid444851615221040832
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-9569
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b08837f363_1_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum32891372
okr.identifier.reportWPS9569
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/444851615221040832/pdf/Closing-the-Gap-Gender-Transport-and-Employment-in-Mumbai.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.statistics.combined1786
okr.statistics.dr444851615221040832
okr.statistics.drstats836
okr.topicTransport::Transport Economics Policy & Planning
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicGender::Gender and Transport
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Employment and Unemployment
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicUrban Development::Transport in Urban Areas
okr.unitTransport and Digital Development Global Practice
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye263ad32-282e-5617-9d86-9c19af771906
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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