Publication:
School Inputs, Household Substitution, and Test Scores

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dc.contributor.authorDercon, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorDas, Jishnu
dc.contributor.authorHabyarimana, James
dc.contributor.authorKrishnan, Pramila
dc.contributor.authorMuralidharan, Karthik
dc.contributor.authorSundararaman, Venkatesh
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:01:43Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:01:43Z
dc.date.issued2011-04-01
dc.description.abstractEmpirical studies of the relationship between school inputs and test scores typically do not account for the fact that households will respond to changes in school inputs. This paper presents a dynamic household optimization model relating test scores to school and household inputs, and tests its predictions in two very different low-income country settings -- Zambia and India. The authors measure household spending changes and student test score gains in response to unanticipated as well as anticipated changes in school funding. Consistent with the optimization model, they find in both settings that households offset anticipated grants more than unanticipated grants. They also find that unanticipated school grants lead to significant improvements in student test scores but anticipated grants have no impact on test scores. The results suggest that naïve estimates of public education spending on learning outcomes that do not account for optimal household responses are likely to be considerably biased if used to estimate parameters of an education production function.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110408112536
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5629
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3395
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPaper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Impact Evaluation series ; no. IE 49,Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5629
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAID
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectBLOCK GRANT
dc.subjectBLOCK GRANTS
dc.subjectCASH PAYMENTS
dc.subjectCHILDREN WITH ACCESS
dc.subjectCLASS SIZE
dc.subjectCLASS-SIZE
dc.subjectCLASSROOM
dc.subjectCLASSROOM MATERIALS
dc.subjectCOMMUNITIES
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCREDIT MARKETS
dc.subjectDEGREES
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR EDUCATION
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectDISABILITY INSURANCE
dc.subjectDISCRETIONARY FUNDING
dc.subjectECONOMICS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEDUCATED PARENTS
dc.subjectEDUCATION DATA
dc.subjectEDUCATION EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEDUCATION OUTCOMES
dc.subjectEDUCATION POLICIES
dc.subjectEDUCATION POLICY
dc.subjectEDUCATION SECTOR
dc.subjectEDUCATION SPENDING
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL INPUTS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL POLICY
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subjectEQUALITY
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFINANCES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIRST GRADE
dc.subjectFREE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFUNDS FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EDUCATION EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT FUNDING
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT-RUN SCHOOLS
dc.subjectGRANT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectGROSS ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectHEAD TEACHER
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectINCLUSION
dc.subjectINCOME TAX
dc.subjectINCOME TAX CREDIT
dc.subjectINDEPENDENT LEARNING
dc.subjectINTEREST RATE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT DECISIONS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectLEARNING ASSESSMENTS
dc.subjectLEARNING MATERIALS
dc.subjectLEARNING OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLET
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLITERACY
dc.subjectLITERATURE
dc.subjectMATH TEXTBOOKS
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectNATIONAL ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectNUMBER OF STUDENTS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF TEACHERS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectNUTRITIONAL STATUS
dc.subjectOPEN ACCESS
dc.subjectPAPERS
dc.subjectPARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectPARENTAL INVOLVEMENT
dc.subjectPERFORMANCE INDICATORS
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPRIVATE FUNDING
dc.subjectPRIVATE SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPROPERTY TAX
dc.subjectPROVISION OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC FINANCE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPUPIL-TEACHER RATIO
dc.subjectRECEIPT
dc.subjectRECEIPTS
dc.subjectREGULAR TEACHERS
dc.subjectREMOTE SCHOOLS
dc.subjectRESOURCE CENTER
dc.subjectRURAL SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSCHOOL COMMITTEES
dc.subjectSCHOOL CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectSCHOOL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectSCHOOL EDUCATION
dc.subjectSCHOOL ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectSCHOOL EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectSCHOOL FINANCES
dc.subjectSCHOOL FUNDING
dc.subjectSCHOOL IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectSCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectSCHOOL LEVEL
dc.subjectSCHOOL MATERIALS
dc.subjectSCHOOL PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectSCHOOL SIZE
dc.subjectSCHOOL STUDENTS
dc.subjectSCHOOL SUPPLIES
dc.subjectSCHOOL SURVEYS
dc.subjectSCHOOL YEAR
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSCHOOLS
dc.subjectSHOW HOW
dc.subjectSIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectSOURCE OF FUNDS
dc.subjectSOURCES OF FUNDS
dc.subjectSPORTS
dc.subjectSTUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectSTUDENT BODY
dc.subjectSTUDENT LEARNING
dc.subjectSTUDENT PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectTEACHER
dc.subjectTEACHER PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectTEACHER SALARIES
dc.subjectTEACHERS
dc.subjectTEACHING
dc.subjectTEST SCORES
dc.subjectTEXT BOOKS
dc.subjectTEXTBOOK
dc.subjectTEXTBOOKS
dc.subjectTUITION
dc.subjectTYPES OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN SCHOOLS
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectVILLAGE FUND
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.subjectWORKBOOKS
dc.subjectWRITING MATERIALS
dc.titleSchool Inputs, Household Substitution, and Test Scoresen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleSchool inputs, household substitution, and test scores
okr.date.disclosure2011-04-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:29:48.788205Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110408112536
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.guid542261468167660828
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5629
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20110408112536
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum14028504
okr.identifier.reportWPS5629
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/04/08/000158349_20110408112536/Rendered/PDF/WPS5629.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.relation.associatedurlhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17921
okr.sectorPrimary education,General public administration sector
okr.sectorEducation,Public Administration, Law, and Justice
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Disability
okr.topicEducation::Education For All
okr.topicTertiary Education
okr.topicTeaching and Learning
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.unitDECRG: Human Development (DECHD)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationea440dcd-bd1b-5ecb-99eb-ac38454d8b51
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryea440dcd-bd1b-5ecb-99eb-ac38454d8b51
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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