Publication:
Can Production and Trafficking of Illicit Drugs be Reduced or Merely Shifted?

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dc.contributor.authorReuter, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2012-05-29T14:49:41Z
dc.date.available2012-05-29T14:49:41Z
dc.date.issued2008-03
dc.description.abstractThe production of cocaine and heroin, the two most important drugs economically, has been concentrated in a small number of poor nations for 25 years. A slightly larger number of developing nations have been affected by large-scale trafficking in these two drugs. This paper reviews what is known about drug control programs and considers non-traditional options. The usual array of programs for suppressing drug problems, enforcement, treatment, harm reduction and prevention have been assessed almost exclusively in wealthy nations. Although treatment has been shown to be cost-effective, it is of minimal relevance for reducing the drug problems of nations such as Afghanistan, Colombia, Mexico or Tajikistan, which are primarily harmed by production and trafficking rather than consumption. Efforts to reduce drug production and trafficking have not been subject to systematic evaluation but the best interpretation of the available evidence is that they have had minimal effect on the quantities produced or trafficked. It is reasonable to conclude that international drug control efforts can do more to affect where these drugs are produced rather than the quantity. If that is the case, and given that spreading a specific level of production or trafficking to more rather than fewer nations probably decreases global welfare, it may be appropriate to consider a less aggressive stance to current producers and to make strategic decisions about the location of an industry producing a global bad.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9087385/can-production-trafficking-illicit-drugs-reduced-or-merely-shifted
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4564
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6531
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4564
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABUSE
dc.subjectADDICTION
dc.subjectADVERSE EFFECTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectALCOHOL
dc.subjectALCOHOLIC
dc.subjectALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
dc.subjectANALGESICS
dc.subjectBAN
dc.subjectBOUNDARIES
dc.subjectCANNABIS
dc.subjectCARTEL
dc.subjectCENTRAL AMERICA
dc.subjectCENTRAL ASIAN
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCOCAINE
dc.subjectCOCAINE USE
dc.subjectCOMMERCE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCONFLICT
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOST INCREASE
dc.subjectCOUNTERPARTS
dc.subjectCRACK
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCRIMINAL
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDRUG
dc.subjectDRUG ABUSE
dc.subjectDRUG CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectDRUG CONTROL PROGRAM
dc.subjectDRUG CONTROL PROGRAMS
dc.subjectDRUG CZAR
dc.subjectDRUG POLICIES
dc.subjectDRUG SEIZURES
dc.subjectDRUG TRADE
dc.subjectDRUG TRAFFICKERS
dc.subjectDRUG TRAFFICKING
dc.subjectDRUG USE
dc.subjectDRUG USERS
dc.subjectEAST EUROPE
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTRADITION
dc.subjectFAIR
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectHEROIN
dc.subjectHOSTAGE
dc.subjectILLEGAL DRUGS
dc.subjectILLICIT DRUG
dc.subjectILLICIT DRUG TRADE
dc.subjectILLICIT DRUG USE
dc.subjectILLICIT DRUGS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINTEGRITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADING
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TREATY
dc.subjectLAW ENFORCEMENT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMICS
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARIJUANA
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMATHEMATICAL MODELS
dc.subjectMEETING
dc.subjectMILITARY LEADER
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMORPHINE
dc.subjectMURDERS
dc.subjectNARCOTIC
dc.subjectNARCOTICS
dc.subjectNARCOTICS CONTROL
dc.subjectNATIONS
dc.subjectOBSERVERS
dc.subjectOPIATE
dc.subjectOPIATE ABUSE
dc.subjectOPIATE ADDICTS
dc.subjectOPIATE USERS
dc.subjectOPIATES
dc.subjectOPIUM
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectPHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
dc.subjectPOLICE
dc.subjectPOPPIES
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE SUPPORT
dc.subjectPRISON
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPURCHASE PRICE
dc.subjectPURCHASING
dc.subjectRECONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICE
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectREVOLUTION
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectSALE
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSANCTIONS
dc.subjectSELLING DRUGS
dc.subjectSMUGGLER
dc.subjectSMUGGLERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROBLEMS
dc.subjectSOLDIERS
dc.subjectSOUTH AMERICA
dc.subjectSOUTH AMERICAN
dc.subjectSPREAD
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTE
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectSUPPLIER
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectTHEFT
dc.subjectTOBACCO
dc.subjectTRAFFICKING
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVICTIMS
dc.subjectVIOLENCE
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWEST EUROPE
dc.subjectWESTERN EUROPE
dc.subjectWHOLESALE PRICES
dc.subjectWHOLESALER
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.titleCan Production and Trafficking of Illicit Drugs be Reduced or Merely Shifted?en
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaFragility, Conflict, and Violence
okr.crossref.titleCan Production And Trafficking Of Illicit Drugs Be Reduced Or Merely Shifted?
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T09:53:16.926669Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/03/9087385/can-production-trafficking-illicit-drugs-reduced-or-merely-shifted
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid719831468133514968
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4564
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20080318133751
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum9087385
okr.identifier.reportWPS4564
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/18/000158349_20080318133751/Rendered/PDF/wps4564.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.countryColombia
okr.region.countryTajikistan
okr.region.countryMexico
okr.region.countryAfghanistan
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.topicConflict and Development::Post Conflict Reconstruction
okr.topicSocial Development::Crime and Society
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Alcohol and Substance Abuse
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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