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Ladies First? Firm-level Evidence on the Labor Impacts of the East Asian Crisis

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dc.contributor.authorWaxman, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorHallward-Driemeier, Mary
dc.contributor.authorRijkers, Bob
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:04:30Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:04:30Z
dc.date.issued2011-09-01
dc.description.abstractIn a crisis, do employers place the burden of adjustment disproportionately on female employees? Relying on household and labor force data, existing studies of the distributional impact of crises have not been able to address this question. This paper uses Indonesia's census of manufacturing firms to analyze employer responses and to identify mechanisms by which gender differences in impact may arise, notably differential treatment of men and women within firms as well as gender sorting across firms that varied in their exposure to the crisis. On average, women experienced higher job losses than their male colleagues within the same firm. However, the aggregate adverse effect of such differential treatment was more than offset by women being disproportionately employed in firms hit relatively less hard by the crisis. The 0 hypothesis that there were no gender differences in wage adjustment is not rejected. Analyzing how employer characteristics impact labor market adjustment patterns contributes to the understanding of who is vulnerable in volatile times.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110906103035
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5789
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3552
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPaper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5789
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABSENTEEISM
dc.subjectADJUSTMENT COSTS
dc.subjectAGGREGATE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectAPPAREL INDUSTRY
dc.subjectATTRITION
dc.subjectAVERAGE WAGE
dc.subjectAVERAGE WAGES
dc.subjectBUSINESS CYCLE
dc.subjectCOBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectCREATIVE DESTRUCTION
dc.subjectCRISES
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectEARNINGS REGRESSIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC SHOCKS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT EFFECTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT IMPACT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT PATTERNS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectENTRY RATE
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectFEMINIST
dc.subjectFEMINIST ECONOMICS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectFIRM EXIT
dc.subjectFIRM GROWTH
dc.subjectFIRM LEVEL
dc.subjectFIRM PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectFIRM SIZE
dc.subjectFIRM SURVIVAL
dc.subjectFIRM-LEVEL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ACTION
dc.subjectGENDER BIAS
dc.subjectGENDER COMPOSITION
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCE
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DIMENSIONS
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER EQUITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER IMBALANCES
dc.subjectGENDER IMPACT
dc.subjectGENDER IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER NEUTRAL
dc.subjectGENDER NORMS
dc.subjectGENDER PERSPECTIVES
dc.subjectGENDER SEGREGATION
dc.subjectGENDER SPECIFIC
dc.subjectGENDER WAGE GAPS
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD LEVEL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINTENSIVE INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectJOB DESTRUCTION
dc.subjectJOB LOSSES
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLABOR ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR DISPUTES
dc.subjectLABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR LAWS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR REGULATION
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLABOUR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOUR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOUR MARKETS
dc.subjectLAYOFFS
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectMALE COUNTERPARTS
dc.subjectMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING WAGES
dc.subjectMATERNITY LEAVE
dc.subjectMINIMUM WAGE
dc.subjectMINIMUM WAGES
dc.subjectMULTI-PLANT FIRMS
dc.subjectNATIONAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectNET EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectNET JOB CREATION
dc.subjectNET JOB LOSSES
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOCCUPATION
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONS
dc.subjectOWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPOLICY BRIEF
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY REGIME
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROPORTION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR DOWNSIZING
dc.subjectRADIO
dc.subjectREAL WAGE
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectRISK SHARING
dc.subjectROLE OF GENDER
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSKILLED EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectSMALL MANUFACTURING
dc.subjectSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSTATUS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectSURVIVAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectTELEVISION
dc.subjectTOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTOTAL WAGE
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectUNDP
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS
dc.subjectUNPAID FAMILY WORKERS
dc.subjectUNPAID WORKERS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN MIGRATION
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY
dc.subjectWAGE ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectWAGE BILL
dc.subjectWAGE DATA
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectWAGE EFFECTS
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectWAGE LOSSES
dc.subjectWAGE POLICIES
dc.subjectWAGE RIGIDITIES
dc.subjectWHITE COLLAR WORKERS
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWOMEN EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectWOMEN WORKERS
dc.subjectWORKER
dc.subjectWORKER HETEROGENEITY
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKFORCE
dc.titleLadies First? Firm-level Evidence on the Labor Impacts of the East Asian Crisisen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleLadies First? Firm-Level Evidence on the Labor Impacts of the East Asian Crisis
okr.date.disclosure2011-09-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:15:34.697912Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110906103035
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid356211468049841047
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5789
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20110906103035
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum14974894
okr.identifier.reportWPS5789
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/09/06/000158349_20110906103035/Rendered/PDF/WPS5789.pdfen
okr.region.countryIndonesia
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: General industry and trade sector
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.unitDECRG: Macroeconomics & Growth (DECMG)
okr.unitChief Economist's Office (FPDCE)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication67f85769-f3f3-56bb-8609-d63125a35e32
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione2023549-6161-5735-a342-0381b2b7571a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye2023549-6161-5735-a342-0381b2b7571a
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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