Publication:
Evaluating Carbon Offsets from Forestry and Energy Projects : How Do They Compare?

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dc.contributor.authorChomitz, Kenneth M.
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-28T18:44:59Z
dc.date.available2014-08-28T18:44:59Z
dc.date.issued2000-06
dc.description.abstractUnder the Kyoto Protocol, industrial countries accept caps on their emissions of greenhouse gases. They are permitted to acquire offsetting emissions reductions from developing countries - which do not have emissions limitations - to assist in complying with these caps. Because these emissions reductions are defined against a hypothetical baseline, practical issues arise in ensuring that the reductions are genuine. Forestry-related emissions reduction projects are often thought to present greater difficulties in measurement and implementation, than energy-related emissions reduction projects. The author discusses how project characteristics affect the process for determining compliance with each of the criteria for qualifying. Those criteria are: 1) Additionality. Would these emissions reductions not have taken place without the project? 2) Baseline and systems boundaries (leakage). What would business-as-usual emissions have been without the project? And in this comparison, how broad should spatial, and temporal system boundaries be? 3) Measurement (or sequestration). How accurately can we measure actual with-project emissions levels? 4) Duration or permanence. Will the project have an enduring mitigating effect? 5) Local impact. Will the project benefit its neighbors? For all the criteria except permanence, it is difficult to find generic distinctions between land use change and forestry and energy projects, since both categories comprise diverse project types. The important distinctions among projects have to do with such things as: a) The level and distribution of the project's direct financial benefits. b) How much the project is integrated with the larger system. c) The project components' internal homogeneity and geographic dispersion. d) The local replicability of project technologies. Permanence is an issue specific to land use and forestry projects. The author describes various approaches to ensure permanence, or adjust credits for duration: the ton-year approach (focusing on the benefits from deferring climatic damage, and rewarding longer deferral); the combination approach (bundling current land use change and forestry emissions reductions with future reductions in the buyer's allowed amount); a technology-acceleration approach; and an insurance approach.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437511/evaluating-carbon-offsets-forestry-energy-projects
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2357
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/19838
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 2357
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABATEMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectATMOSPHERE
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO ADOPTION
dc.subjectBASELINE DETERMINATION
dc.subjectBASELINE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectBASELINE LEVELS
dc.subjectBASELINE METHODOLOGIES
dc.subjectBASIC METALS
dc.subjectBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectBOILERS
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectCARBON OFFSETS
dc.subjectCARBON PLANTATIONS
dc.subjectCARBON POOLS
dc.subjectCARBON PROJECT
dc.subjectCARBON PROJECTS
dc.subjectCARBON RELEASE
dc.subjectCARBON SEQUESTRATION
dc.subjectCARBON STORAGE
dc.subjectCATTLE RAISING
dc.subjectCELLULOSE
dc.subjectCERTIFICATION APPROACH
dc.subjectCERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectCLEAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE ACTION
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOAL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectCOAL PLANT
dc.subjectCOGENERATION
dc.subjectCONSERVATION
dc.subjectCONSERVATION PROJECTS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL
dc.subjectCOST SAVINGS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDEFORESTATION
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR ENERGY
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIESEL FUEL
dc.subjectDIFFUSION
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectELECTRIC MOTORS
dc.subjectELECTRIC POWER
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS LEVELS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS SCENARIOS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMERS
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENERGY SAVINGS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectEXPLOITATION
dc.subjectFARMS
dc.subjectFOREST COVER
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectFORESTS
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFUEL OIL
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE
dc.subjectFUEL- SWITCHING PROJECTS
dc.subjectFUEL-SWITCHING PROJECTS
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectGAS COMBUSTION
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subjectGRID POWER
dc.subjectHEATING PLANTS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENERGY
dc.subjectHYPOTHETICAL BASELINE
dc.subjectINELASTIC DEMAND
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINVENTORIES
dc.subjectJOINT IMPLEMENTATION
dc.subjectKYOTO PROTOCOL
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLAND USE CHANGE
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMETHANE
dc.subjectMETHANE RECOVERY
dc.subjectMITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNEGATIVE LEAKAGE
dc.subjectNET EMISSIONS
dc.subjectNET EMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subjectPOWER GENERATION
dc.subjectPOWER PLANTS
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectREDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectREDUCTION IN CARBON
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRESERVOIRS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSOIL
dc.subjectSOILS
dc.subjectSOLAR POWER
dc.subjectSPATIAL PATTERNS
dc.subjectSTREAMS
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTIMBER
dc.subjectTROPICAL DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectVEGETATION
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWATER QUALITY
dc.subjectWIND
dc.titleEvaluating Carbon Offsets from Forestry and Energy Projects : How Do They Compare?en
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaClimate Change
okr.crossref.titleEvaluating Carbon Offsets from Forestry and Energy Projects: How Do They Compare?
okr.date.disclosure2000-06-30
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T09:51:44.117833Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437511/evaluating-carbon-offsets-forestry-energy-projects
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.guid164021468739158855
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2357
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_0006130535049
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum437511
okr.identifier.reportWPS2357
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/06/27/000094946_0006130535049/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdfen
okr.sectorAgriculture, fishing, and forestry :: Forestry
okr.sectorEnergy and mining :: Renewable energy
okr.themeEnvironment and natural resources management
okr.themeEnvironment and natural resources management :: Climate change
okr.topicEnvironment::Carbon Policy and Trading
okr.topicEnergy::Energy and Environment
okr.topicPublic Sector Development::Decentralization
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicEnvironment::Global Environment Facility
okr.topicEnvironment::Montreal Protocol
okr.topicClimate Change
okr.unitInfrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group
okr.volume1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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