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The Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countries

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dc.contributor.authorImasheva, Aizhan
dc.contributor.authorSeiter, Andreas
dc.date.accessioned2013-06-04T19:38:51Z
dc.date.available2013-06-04T19:38:51Z
dc.date.issued2008-02
dc.description.abstractThere is a strong political will in the Western Balkan states to align the region's pharmaceutical legislation and practice with that of the European Union. Accordingly, recent policy changes were aimed at harmonization of policies with other European countries. Several national drug laws were updated or completely re-written in the last several years. More specifically, provisions were made for the simplification of drug registration requirements, licensing of professionals and businesses in the sector, implementation of ethics standards, price controls and reimbursement of drugs through national health insurance systems. Countries in the region have introduced various measures for cost containment, mostly through positive lists with various co-payment levels or expenditure caps for prescribing physicians. Some institutional buyers are using pooled procurement with open tenders to ensure lower prices. Nevertheless, there are still a number of challenges such as lack of enforcement of rules and standards, limited access to drugs for low income populations, inefficiencies in resource allocation and in the distribution chain, lack of control over physicians prescribing behavior and occasional conflicts between public health and industrial policy objectives. For the foreseeable future, there will be a need for further capacity building in the pharmaceutical sector, with a focus on increased oversight and higher professional standards, more efficient use of limited public resources, equity of access and rational use of medicines. Nevertheless, drug expenditure is set to grow in this region as it did in other countries in Eastern Europe, typically at a rate of about twice GDP growth, due to inevitable factors such as innovation, aging populations, increasing incomes and better access to healthcare.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9071523/pharmaceutical-sector-western-balkan-countries
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/13736
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13736
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesHNP discussion paper series;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABUSE
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectACTIVE INGREDIENTS
dc.subjectAGING
dc.subjectAGING POPULATIONS
dc.subjectBIDDING
dc.subjectBIOLOGICALS
dc.subjectBRAND
dc.subjectBRANDS
dc.subjectBUDGETING
dc.subjectCANCER
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCERTIFICATION
dc.subjectCIF
dc.subjectCITIES
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCLINICAL TRIALS
dc.subjectCOMMERCE
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICES
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOST INCREASES
dc.subjectCOUNTERFEIT DRUGS
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDISEASES
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION MARGINS
dc.subjectDOCTORS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectDOSAGE FORMS
dc.subjectDRUG FINANCING
dc.subjectDRUG INDUSTRY
dc.subjectDRUG POLICIES
dc.subjectDRUG PRICES
dc.subjectDRUGS
dc.subjectEQUAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectEQUITABLE ACCESS
dc.subjectESSENTIAL DRUGS
dc.subjectESSENTIAL MEDICINES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFRAUD
dc.subjectGENERIC DRUGS
dc.subjectGMP
dc.subjectGOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES
dc.subjectGROSS NATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE COSTS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHEALTH CENTERS
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH FINANCING
dc.subjectHEALTH INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHEALTH PROVIDERS
dc.subjectHEALTH RISKS
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH SPECIALIST
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHR
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectILLNESSES
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINSULIN
dc.subjectINTEGRATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE
dc.subjectLABORATORIES
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIMITED RESOURCES
dc.subjectLOCAL MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectMARKET RESEARCH
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMEDICATION
dc.subjectMEDICINE
dc.subjectMEDICINES
dc.subjectMINISTRIES OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectNATIONAL DRUG
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectORPHANS
dc.subjectPATIENT
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPAYMENT TERMS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL POLICY
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL PRICES
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICALS
dc.subjectPHARMACIES
dc.subjectPHARMACISTS
dc.subjectPHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPHARMACY
dc.subjectPHARMACY ASSISTANTS
dc.subjectPHARMACY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPHYSICIAN
dc.subjectPHYSICIANS
dc.subjectPOLICY DECISIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectPOOLED PROCUREMENT
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPRESCRIPTIONS
dc.subjectPRICE CEILINGS
dc.subjectPRICE COMPARISON
dc.subjectPRICE COMPARISONS
dc.subjectPRICE COMPETITION
dc.subjectPRICE CONTROLS
dc.subjectPRICE LEVEL
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRICE REGULATION
dc.subjectPRICING SCHEMES
dc.subjectPRIVATE PHARMACIES
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectPUBLIC PHARMACIES
dc.subjectPUBLIC PHARMACY
dc.subjectPURCHASING
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectQUALITY CONTROL
dc.subjectQUALITY OF CARE
dc.subjectRATIONAL USE OF DRUGS
dc.subjectREBATES
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL PHARMACIES
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICE
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSALE
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSERVICE QUALITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL STATUS
dc.subjectSTATE UNIVERSITY
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectTABLETS
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTOTAL SALES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL AVAILABILITY
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectVACCINES
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY
dc.subjectVULNERABLE GROUPS
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWESTERN EUROPE
dc.subjectWHOLESALE PRICE
dc.subjectWHOLESALER
dc.subjectWHOLESALERS
dc.subjectWORKING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.titleThe Pharmaceutical Sector of the Western Balkan Countriesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T12:06:33.504764Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9071523/pharmaceutical-sector-western-balkan-countries
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid307671468012340807
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333037_20080312023403
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum9071523
okr.identifier.report42827
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/12/000333037_20080312023403/Rendered/PDF/428270WP01NO0P1lsinWesternBalkansDP.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.geographicalEastern Europe
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicHealth Systems Development and Reform
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.topicPharmaceuticals and Pharmacoeconomics
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.unitHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.volume1 of 1
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery8d6fe777-ecd9-594f-ad71-6caae07af3f6
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