Publication:
Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism

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dc.contributor.authorMurray, Brian C.
dc.contributor.authorGalik, Christopher S.
dc.contributor.authorMitchell, Stephen
dc.contributor.authorCottle, Phil
dc.date.accessioned2017-06-13T21:10:46Z
dc.date.available2017-06-13T21:10:46Z
dc.date.issued2012-11-20
dc.description.abstractThe report provides quantitative and qualitative insights into the performance of different non-permanence approaches for consideration of parties. This note summarizes the results of the analysis presented in the report. Besides the existing mechanism for temporary crediting, the study analyzed a range of alternative approaches to addressing non-permanence, including those considered in prior deliberations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The approaches address the risk of non-permanence in several ways. Under the tonne year accounting, credits are issued for the increments of carbon sequestered corresponding to a defined permanence period, and their quantity depends on the carbon stored in biomass each year of the permanence period. However, this approach has not been implemented by any standard. These approaches are not mutually exclusive, but can be used in tandem with each other.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/560271468182329250/Final-report
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/27123
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/27123
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectABSORPTION
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectAFFORESTATION
dc.subjectASSURANCE
dc.subjectATMOSPHERE
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectBONDHOLDER
dc.subjectBONDS
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCAP LEVELS
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON BALANCE
dc.subjectCARBON CAPTURE
dc.subjectCARBON CREDITING
dc.subjectCARBON CREDITS
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCARBON FINANCE
dc.subjectCARBON LOSS
dc.subjectCARBON LOSSES
dc.subjectCARBON MARKET
dc.subjectCARBON OFFSET
dc.subjectCARBON POOLS
dc.subjectCARBON PRICE
dc.subjectCARBON PROJECTS
dc.subjectCARBON REMOVAL
dc.subjectCARBON RESERVOIR
dc.subjectCARBON SINK
dc.subjectCARBON SINK PROJECTS
dc.subjectCARBON SINKS
dc.subjectCARBON STOCK
dc.subjectCARBON STORAGE
dc.subjectCARBONIZATION
dc.subjectCERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectCERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectCLEAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE ACTION
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE DAMAGES
dc.subjectCLIMATE POLICY
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL INSURANCE
dc.subjectCOMMODITY MARKETS
dc.subjectCREDIBILITY
dc.subjectCREDIT BUYERS
dc.subjectCREDIT LOSS
dc.subjectCREDIT RESERVE
dc.subjectCUSTODY
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDECAY FUNCTION
dc.subjectDEFAULT RISK
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATES
dc.subjectDROUGHT
dc.subjectECONOMIC INCENTIVE
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS TARGETS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subjectESCROW
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXTREME WEATHER
dc.subjectFEASIBILITY
dc.subjectFINANCES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RETURNS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RISK
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIRST VERIFICATION
dc.subjectFOREST
dc.subjectFOREST CARBON
dc.subjectFOREST CARBON STOCK
dc.subjectFOREST CARBON STORAGE
dc.subjectFOREST DEGRADATION
dc.subjectFOREST ECOSYSTEMS
dc.subjectFOREST GROWTH
dc.subjectFOREST LOSSES
dc.subjectFOREST MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectFOREST STAND
dc.subjectFOREST STANDS
dc.subjectFOREST TYPE
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectFORESTRY ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectFORESTRY PROJECTS
dc.subjectFORESTS
dc.subjectFRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectFUNGIBLE
dc.subjectFUTURE PRICES
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGHGS
dc.subjectGLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT GUARANTEE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subjectHOLDING
dc.subjectHOLDING REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectHOST COUNTRIES
dc.subjectHOST COUNTRY
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINFLATION RATE
dc.subjectINITIAL VERIFICATION
dc.subjectINSTRUMENT
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE COVERAGE
dc.subjectINSURANCE PREMIUM
dc.subjectINSURERS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
dc.subjectINVESTMENT DECISIONS
dc.subjectIPCC
dc.subjectISSUANCE
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLAND-USE CHANGE
dc.subjectLANDHOLDER
dc.subjectLANDOWNER
dc.subjectLANDOWNERS
dc.subjectLEGAL OBLIGATION
dc.subjectLEGAL OBLIGATIONS
dc.subjectLEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
dc.subjectLIABILITY
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET PARTICIPANTS
dc.subjectMARKET TRANSACTION
dc.subjectMATURITY
dc.subjectMITIGATION ACTIONS
dc.subjectMONETARY VALUE
dc.subjectMORAL HAZARD
dc.subjectNET CARBON SINK
dc.subjectOFFSET CATEGORIES
dc.subjectOFFSET CREDITS
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectPERFORMANCE BOND
dc.subjectPOLITICAL UNCERTAINTY
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGE
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASE
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectRADIATION
dc.subjectRADIATIVE FORCING
dc.subjectREPAYMENT
dc.subjectRESERVE
dc.subjectRETURN
dc.subjectRISK ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectRISK DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectRISK FACTORS
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
dc.subjectRISK PREMIUM
dc.subjectRISK PROFILE
dc.subjectSALVAGE
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSCENARIOS
dc.subjectSEQUESTERED CARBON
dc.subjectSEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL
dc.subjectSEQUESTRATION RATE
dc.subjectSET ASIDE
dc.subjectSPECTRUM OF RISK
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON POOL
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON RESERVOIRS
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON SINKS
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON STOCKS
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE
dc.subjectTERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
dc.subjectTRADING
dc.subjectTRANSACTION
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectUNEP
dc.subjectVERIFICATION PERIODS
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectWOOD PRODUCTS
dc.subjectYIELD CURVES
dc.titleAlternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanismen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleAlternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism
okr.date.disclosure2013-04-26
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T12:27:45.675330Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/560271468182329250/Final-report
okr.guid585381468159594710
okr.guid560271468182329250
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000442464_20130426145013
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17635094
okr.identifier.report76943
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/560271468182329250/pdf/769430v20WP0Bo0ng0the0risk00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.topicEnvironment::Carbon Policy and Trading
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Debt Markets
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Insurance & Risk Mitigation
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Climate Change Economics
okr.unitCarbon Finance Unit (BioCarbon Fund)
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