Publication:
Trade Policies and Sea and Air Freight: The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Imports and Exports

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dc.contributor.authorMajune, Socrates
dc.contributor.authorMontfaucon, Angella Faith
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-18T16:52:14Z
dc.date.available2023-01-18T16:52:14Z
dc.date.issued2023-01
dc.description.abstractThis study analyzes how Indonesia’s international trade was affected by its own lockdown policies (domestic) and those of its trading partners (external) in response to COVID-19. The study differentiates between sea freight and air freight, as well as products affected by specific non-tariff measures. Event-study results show that the decline in imports (which were more negatively affected than exports) was mainly attributed to external lockdowns, the impacts of which were more pronounced and persistent for imports entering Indonesia by air (due to restrictions to international travel) and imports subject to port-related non-tariff measures. Domestic lockdowns adversely affected intermediate imports subject to non-tariff measures requiring physical inspection, testing, and approval processes. External lockdowns, which also had a larger impact on exports relative to domestic policies, affected sea and air exports evenly. Demand factors (specifically, workplace closures and stay-at-home orders) in the partner countries were the drivers of the decline in exports. Enhancing trade facilitation to keep goods moving as smoothly as possible, reforming specific non-tariff measures, and improving customs and other procedures would ensure fewer disruptions from shocks in a globally integrated world.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099337101092314052/IDU05ead83ae0582004dc40a4bd0ef7323feee94
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10271
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/38497
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; 10271
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectLOCKDOWN POLICIES
dc.subjectINDONESIA
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectSEA CARGO
dc.subjectAIR CARGO
dc.subjectNON-TARIFF MEASURES
dc.titleTrade Policies and Sea and Air Freighten
dc.title.subtitleThe Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Imports and Exportsen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2023-01-09
okr.date.lastmodified2023-01-09T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Papers
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099337101092314052/IDU05ead83ae0582004dc40a4bd0ef7323feee94
okr.guid099337101092314052
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10271
okr.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10271
okr.identifier.externaldocumentumIDU-5ead83ae-5820-4dc4-a4bd-ef7323feee94
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum33974187
okr.identifier.reportWPS10271
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supportedenen
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099337101092314052/pdf/IDU05ead83ae0582004dc40a4bd0ef7323feee94.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryIndonesia
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicTransport::Airports and Air Services
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Export Competitiveness
okr.unitEFI-EAP-MTI-MacroFiscal-2 (EEAM2)
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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