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The developing world's bulging (but vulnerable) "middle class"

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dc.contributor.authorRavallion, Martin
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T19:08:21Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T19:08:21Z
dc.date.issued2009-01-01
dc.description.abstractThe "developing world's middle class" is defined here as those who are not poor when judged by the median poverty line of developing countries, but are still poor by US standards. The "Western middle class" is defined as those who are not poor by US standards. Although barely 80 million people in the developing world entered the Western middle class over 1990-2002, economic growth and distributional shifts allowed an extra 1.2 billion people to join the developing world's middle class. Four-fifths came from Asia, and half from China. Most of the new entrants remained fairly close to poverty, with incomes now bunched up just above $2 a day. The vulnerability of this new middle class to aggregate economic contractions is evident in the fact that one in six people in the developing world live between $2 and $3 per day. Over time, the developing world has become more sharply divided between countries with a large middle class and those with a relatively small one, with Africa prominent in the latter group. Poor people in countries with smaller middle classes may well be more exposed to slowing economic growth.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090112143046
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4816
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/4013
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 4816
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE
dc.subjectABSOLUTE POVERTY
dc.subjectABSOLUTE TERMS
dc.subjectABSOLUTE VALUE
dc.subjectAGGREGATE POVERTY
dc.subjectAID EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subjectANNUALIZED CHANGE
dc.subjectAVERAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectAVERAGE GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectBASIC NEEDS
dc.subjectCHANGES IN POVERTY
dc.subjectCHINESE POPULATION
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION PER CAPITA
dc.subjectCOUNTERFACTUAL
dc.subjectCOUNTRY LEVEL
dc.subjectCROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS
dc.subjectCROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectCUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectCURRENT POVERTY
dc.subjectDATA SET
dc.subjectDENSITY FUNCTION
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING WORLD
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT EFFORTS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGES
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONTRACTION
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONTRACTIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC DOWNTURNS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC INEQUALITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectECONOMIC REVIEW
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMICS LETTERS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ESTIMATES
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL FINDINGS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL RESULTS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL STUDIES
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectFALLING POVERTY
dc.subjectFEWER PEOPLE
dc.subjectFIGHT AGAINST POVERTY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectGINI INDEX
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGLOBAL POVERTY
dc.subjectGROWING ECONOMY
dc.subjectGROWTH EFFECT
dc.subjectGROWTH ELASTICITY
dc.subjectGROWTH PROCESS
dc.subjectGROWTH PROSPECTS
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectGROWTH REGRESSIONS
dc.subjectHETEROSKEDASTICITY
dc.subjectHIGH GROWTH
dc.subjectHIGH INEQUALITY
dc.subjectHIGH INEQUALITY COUNTRIES
dc.subjectHIGH POVERTY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectINCIDENCE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectINCOME LEVEL
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINCOMES INCREASE
dc.subjectINEQUALITY INDEX
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASURE
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASUREMENT
dc.subjectLEVEL OF POVERTY
dc.subjectLOG GINI
dc.subjectMEAN CHANGE
dc.subjectMEAN CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectMEAN INCOME
dc.subjectMEAN INCOMES
dc.subjectMEASUREMENT ERROR
dc.subjectMEASUREMENT ERRORS
dc.subjectMEASUREMENT OF POVERTY
dc.subjectMEDIAN POVERTY
dc.subjectMIDDLE CLASS
dc.subjectMIDDLE CLASS CONSENSUS
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectNATIONAL ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectNATIONAL COUNCIL
dc.subjectNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY LINES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectNEGATIVE CORRELATION
dc.subjectNEGATIVE VALUE
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectPOLARIZATION MEASURES
dc.subjectPOLICY REFORM
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOOR COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPOOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION SHARE
dc.subjectPOPULOUS COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPOSITIVE CORRELATION
dc.subjectPOSITIVE GROWTH
dc.subjectPOVERTY INCIDENCE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LEVEL
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINES
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASURE
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASUREMENT
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASURES
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCING
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOWER PARITY
dc.subjectPRIVATE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPRO-POOR
dc.subjectPRO-POOR GROWTH
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROMOTING GROWTH
dc.subjectPROPORTIONATE CHANGES
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectRATE OF GROWTH
dc.subjectREDUCING POVERTY
dc.subjectREDUCTION IN POVERTY
dc.subjectRELATIVE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRICH COUNTRIES
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSECTORAL COMPOSITION
dc.subjectSIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE
dc.subjectSPILLOVER
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN BIAS
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY
dc.subjectWORLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.titleThe developing world's bulging (but vulnerable) "middle class"en
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleThe Developing World's Bulging (But Vulnerable) "Middle Class"
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T12:21:53.211106Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090112143046
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid510831468155726199
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4816
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20090112143046
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum10165095
okr.identifier.reportWPS4816
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/01/12/000158349_20090112143046/Rendered/PDF/WPS4816.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Services & Transfers to Poor
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Rural Poverty Reduction
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd53ceb26-d2be-50fc-a6b3-5bd777691c9c
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd53ceb26-d2be-50fc-a6b3-5bd777691c9c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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