Publication:
Landlocked or Policy Locked? How Services Trade Protection Deepens Economic Isolation

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorBorchert, Ingo
dc.contributor.authorGootiiz, Batshur
dc.contributor.authorGrover, Arti
dc.contributor.authorMattoo, Aaditya
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T17:28:38Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T17:28:38Z
dc.date.issued2012-01-01
dc.description.abstractA new cross-country database on services policy reveals a perverse pattern: many landlocked countries restrict trade in the very services that connect them with the rest of the world. On average, telecommunications and air-transport policies are significantly more restrictive in landlocked countries than elsewhere. The phenomenon is most starkly visible in Sub-Saharan Africa and is associated with lower levels of political accountability. This paper finds evidence that these policies lead to more concentrated market structures and more limited access to services than these countries would otherwise have, even after taking into account the influence of geography and incomes, and the possibility that policy is endogenous. Even moderate liberalization in these sectors could lead to an increase of cellular subscriptions by 7 percentage points and a 20-percent increase in the number of flights. Policies in other countries, industrial and developing alike, also limit competition in international transport services. Hence, "trade-facilitating" investments under various "aid-for-trade" initiatives are likely to earn a low return unless they are accompanied by meaningful reform in these services sectors.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120110105432
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5942
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3227
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5942
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectADVERSE EFFECT
dc.subjectADVERSE IMPACT
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR CARGO
dc.subjectAIR FREIGHT
dc.subjectAIR MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectAIR PASSENGER
dc.subjectAIR ROUTES
dc.subjectAIR SERVICE
dc.subjectAIR SERVICES
dc.subjectAIR TRAFFIC
dc.subjectAIR TRANSPORT
dc.subjectAIR TRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectAIRCRAFT
dc.subjectAIRPORT
dc.subjectAIRPORT CONGESTION
dc.subjectAIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectAIRPORTS
dc.subjectAIRWAYS
dc.subjectAVERAGE COSTS
dc.subjectAVIATION POLICIES
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectCARRIERS
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONSUMER SURPLUS
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCONTESTABILITY
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOST FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectCOST OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectDECISION MAKERS
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVE
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITY
dc.subjectDEMAND FUNCTION
dc.subjectDEMAND FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCRETION
dc.subjectDISECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT
dc.subjectDUOPOLY
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC ANALYSES
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC SIZE
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectFAIRS
dc.subjectFLIGHT CONNECTIONS
dc.subjectFREIGHT
dc.subjectFREIGHT TRANSPORT
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL PRICES
dc.subjectFUTURE RESEARCH
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
dc.subjectHIGH TRANSPORT
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINELASTIC DEMAND
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL GATEWAYS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectINVESTIGATION
dc.subjectLOBBYING
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL REVENUE
dc.subjectMARITIME TRANSPORT
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET CONCENTRATION
dc.subjectMARKET ENTRY
dc.subjectMARKET LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMARKET POWER
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subjectMARKET STUDY
dc.subjectMODE OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectOLIGOPOLY
dc.subjectPASSENGER TRAFFIC
dc.subjectPASSENGER TRANSPORT
dc.subjectPASSENGERS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PROCESS
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EXTERNALITY
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectRADIO
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectRAILWAY
dc.subjectREGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectREMEDY
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAILING
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectROUTE
dc.subjectROUTES
dc.subjectRUNWAY
dc.subjectRUNWAYS
dc.subjectSALE
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSCALE EFFECT
dc.subjectSEAT CAPACITY
dc.subjectSERVICES MARKETS
dc.subjectSTRATEGIC COMPLEMENTARITY
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTE
dc.subjectSUNK COSTS
dc.subjectSUPPLIER
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectSURPLUS
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTELECOM SECTOR
dc.subjectTELECOM SERVICES
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATION
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORM
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORMS
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
dc.subjectTELEDENSITY
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRANSIT
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MARKET
dc.subjectTRANSPORT POLICIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SERVICE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION SERVICES
dc.subjectTRUE
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVALUATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleLandlocked or Policy Locked? How Services Trade Protection Deepens Economic Isolationen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleLandlocked or Policy Locked? How Services Trade Protection Deepens Economic Isolation
okr.date.disclosure2012-01-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:04:44.672701Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120110105432
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.guid832091468148176734
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5942
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20120110105432
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum15619775
okr.identifier.reportWPS5942
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/01/10/000158349_20120110105432/Rendered/PDF/WPS5942.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: Other domestic and international trade
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.unitDECRG: Trade & Intl. Integration (DECTI)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb51303b6-af29-592e-989d-eab9ca69edc9
relation.isAuthorOfPublication1e63409b-8428-4de9-8942-70e823b051f4
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb51303b6-af29-592e-989d-eab9ca69edc9
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
WPS5942.pdf
Size:
1.26 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
WPS5942.txt
Size:
134.34 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download
Collections
Policy Research Working Papers