Publication:
Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis

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dc.contributor.authorJaffee, Steven
dc.contributor.authorHenson, Spencer
dc.contributor.authorDiaz Rios, Luz
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T10:14:26Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T10:14:26Z
dc.date.issued2011-06-01
dc.description.abstractMarket access has been identified as one of the foremost factors influencing the performance of small-scale producers in developing countries, and in particular least-developed countries. Smallholder access to markets for higher-value or differentiated agricultural and food products (hereafter HVAF) is recognized as a vital opportunity to enhance and diversify the livelihoods of lower-income farm households and reduce rural poverty more generally (World Bank 2007a). Smallholder participation in HVAF markets is typically constrained by inadequate farm-level resources, farm-to-market logistical bottlenecks, and more general transaction costs in matching and aggregating dispersed supplies to meet buyer and consumer demand. These traditional constraints have been amplified and, in some cases, surpassed by a new set of challenges associated with compliance with product and process standards, set and enforced by governments as well as private supply-chain leaders. In the face of emerging challenges and opportunities associated with standards and serving HVAF markets, many development agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), government agencies, and private companies have implemented measures to level the playing field, strengthen specific technical or institutional capacities, or otherwise act to facilitate smallholder compliance with standards and continued or increased participation in HVAF supply chains. Such investment, cost-sharing, capacity-building, or capacity-bridging activities have expanded considerably in recent years, especially in SSA. These initiatives have taken varied forms and involved various entry points. Many initiatives have been bottom-up, focusing on smallholder (group) capacities for production, collective action, standards compliance, and so forth; others have been top-down, seeking to better link farmers to remunerative markets through the efforts and enhanced capacities of lead firms; and others have opted for intermediary models, with donors and NGOs assuming critical supply-chain functions. Still other interventions have focused outside of specific value chains, seeking to strengthen the overall enabling environment and support services for HVAF more generally. Relatively little of this expanding field of development assistance has been formally evaluated to consider its cost-effectiveness and impacts. Nevertheless, there are evident signs of learning and adjustment within the development community regarding the strengths, limitations, and pitfalls of various approaches and, relatively recently, some efforts to begin to share these lessons and to better coordinate development assistance in this field.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20120215233328
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/2823
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/2823
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO MARKETS
dc.subjectADVISERS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SERVICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectBREWERIES
dc.subjectBREWING
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCOFFEE INDUSTRY
dc.subjectCOLLECTIVE ACTION
dc.subjectCOMMERCIALIZATION
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCROP DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectDAIRY
dc.subjectDAIRY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT AGENCIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT AGENCY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC ANALYSES
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKETS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETING
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFAIR
dc.subjectFAIR TRADE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFOOD ADDITIVES
dc.subjectFOOD CHAINS
dc.subjectFOOD MARKETS
dc.subjectFOOD POLICY
dc.subjectFOOD POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFOOD SAFETY
dc.subjectFOOD STANDARDS
dc.subjectFOOD SUPPLY
dc.subjectFRUIT
dc.subjectGAUGE
dc.subjectGROUNDNUT
dc.subjectGROUNDNUTS
dc.subjectHAZARD
dc.subjectHONEY
dc.subjectHYGIENE
dc.subjectIFPRI
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectITC
dc.subjectLABELLING
dc.subjectLABOR ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectLAMB
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectMARKET INTEGRATION
dc.subjectMARKET PENETRATION
dc.subjectMARKET POWER
dc.subjectMARKET SEGMENTS
dc.subjectOUTPUTS
dc.subjectPACKING
dc.subjectPESTICIDE
dc.subjectPRICE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKETS
dc.subjectPRODUCT QUALITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PROCESS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL INDUSTRY
dc.subjectRETAILING
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectSAFETY STANDARDS
dc.subjectSERVICE MARKET
dc.subjectSMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectSPICES
dc.subjectSPREAD
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTE
dc.subjectSUPERMARKET
dc.subjectSUPERMARKETS
dc.subjectSUPPLIER
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subjectSUPPLY COSTS
dc.subjectTEA
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTRADE FAIR
dc.subjectTURNOVER
dc.subjectVANILLA
dc.subjectVEGETABLES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleMaking the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesisen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.date.disclosure2012-02-15
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T08:42:04.815573Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Other Agricultural Study
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20120215233328
okr.globalpracticeAgriculture
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid183641468003015442
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333037_20120215233328
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum15808173
okr.identifier.report62324
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/02/15/000333037_20120215233328/Rendered/PDF/623240SR0White0W110Making0the0Grade.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.sectorCrops
okr.sectorAnimal production
okr.sectorAgro-industry
okr.sectormarketing
okr.sectorand trade
okr.sectorAgriculture
okr.sectorfishing
okr.sectorand forestry
okr.sectorIndustry and trade
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Access to Markets
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicIndustry::Food & Beverage Industry
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Theory & Research
okr.unitAgriculture & Rural Dvmnt (ARD)
okr.volume1 of 1
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