Publication:
Liberalizing Trade, and Its Impact on Poverty and Inequality in Nicaragua

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dc.contributor.authorSánchez, Marco V.
dc.contributor.authorVos, Rob
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-07T15:48:27Z
dc.date.available2017-09-07T15:48:27Z
dc.date.issued2009-06
dc.description.abstractThe Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations stalled in 2008 owing in no small degree to a lack of agreement on the terms of substantially reducing trade-distorting support for agricultural products and to what extent this will be beneficial to developing countries. Nicaragua presents an interesting case in point, being one of the poorest economies in Latin America with still a relatively large agricultural sector and high degrees of rural poverty. In 2005, the country signed a free trade agreement with the United States. This chapter provides a quantitative analysis addressing that question. It does so using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for Nicaragua coupled with a micro-simulation methodology. The first section provides background information on trade reform policies and macroeconomic trends in Nicaragua, with special reference to the agricultural sector and rural poverty. The section that follows describes the main features of the CGE model and the micro-simulation methodology used to assess the impact on poverty and inequality. The author then lay out the model scenarios considered, which include liberalizations of agricultural and all merchandise goods trade by the rest of the world and by Nicaragua itself. That is followed by a summary analysis of results. This analysis includes tests for the sensitivity of the results with respect to assumptions regarding the responsiveness of trade to price liberalization, as identified through the relevant trade elasticities. The final section provides conclusions and possible policy implications.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/282841468110038167/Liberalizing-trade-and-its-impact-on-poverty-and-inequality-in-Nicaragua
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/28145
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/28145
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAgricultural Distortions Working Paper;107
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectAGGREGATE IMPORTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INCOMES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL MARKETS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAPPAREL
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF
dc.subjectBASE YEAR
dc.subjectBILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOOD
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOODS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKET
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCKS
dc.subjectCD
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICE
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICES
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICES
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCOUNTERFACTUAL SIMULATIONS
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE
dc.subjectCUSTOMS PROCEDURES
dc.subjectDEFLATORS
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR CAPITAL
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCERS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCTION
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC SECTORS
dc.subjectECONOMIC WELFARE
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectENDOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subjectEPZ
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXOGENOUS VARIABLES
dc.subjectEXPORT COMMODITY
dc.subjectEXPORT EARNINGS
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORT PRICE
dc.subjectEXPORT PRICES
dc.subjectEXPORT PROCESSING
dc.subjectEXPORT PROCESSING ZONE
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEXPORT SUPPLY
dc.subjectEXPORT TAXES
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXPOSURE
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectFACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFISCAL DEFICIT
dc.subjectFIXED INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN CURRENCY
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFREE ACCESS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL COMPETITION
dc.subjectGLOBAL TRADE
dc.subjectGLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectIMPACT OF TRADE
dc.subjectIMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectIMPORT
dc.subjectIMPORT COMPETITION
dc.subjectIMPORT CONTENT
dc.subjectIMPORT DUTIES
dc.subjectIMPORT PRICES
dc.subjectIMPORT PROTECTION
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFF
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINDEXATION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectINVENTORY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION OF TRADE
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATIONS
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL CURRENCY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectMARGINAL PROPENSITY TO SAVE
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURES
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectNET CAPITAL
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOPULATION AGEING
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL ACCESS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectPRICE DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectPRICE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectPRICE SUPPORT
dc.subjectPRIMARY GOODS
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE SAVINGS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPROFIT MAXIMIZATION
dc.subjectPROTECTION DATA
dc.subjectPROTECTION STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC UTILITY
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectQUOTAS
dc.subjectRATE OF GROWTH
dc.subjectREAL EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectREAL WAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectRULES OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectRURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectSAFEGUARD MEASURES
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectTARIFF RATE
dc.subjectTARIFF RATES
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectTARIFF REVENUES
dc.subjectTARIFFS ON IMPORTS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX RATE
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTOTAL EXPORTS
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTRADE BALANCE
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE DEFICIT
dc.subjectTRADE EFFECTS
dc.subjectTRADE FLOWS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE MODELS
dc.subjectTRADE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectTRADE OPENING
dc.subjectTRADE OPENNESS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE PREFERENCES
dc.subjectTRADE PROTECTION
dc.subjectTRADE REFORM
dc.subjectTRADE SHOCK
dc.subjectTRADE SHOCKS
dc.subjectTRADE STRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRADE TAX
dc.subjectTRADE TAXES
dc.subjectTRADING PARTNER
dc.subjectTRADING PARTNERS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectUNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectUNILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectUNILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVALUE OF EXPORTS
dc.subjectVALUE OF IMPORTS
dc.subjectVOLATILITY
dc.subjectWAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWELFARE GAINS
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleLiberalizing Trade, and Its Impact on Poverty and Inequality in Nicaraguaen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleLiberalizing Trade, and Its Impact on Poverty and Inequality in Nicaragua
okr.date.disclosure2010-08-04
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T12:30:53.838665Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/282841468110038167/Liberalizing-trade-and-its-impact-on-poverty-and-inequality-in-Nicaragua
okr.guid282841468110038167
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333037_20100804021534
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum12614634
okr.identifier.report55947
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/282841468110038167/pdf/559470NWP0P09310141Nicaragua0709rev.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.countryNicaragua
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Theory & Research
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Liberalization
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade and Labor
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Poverty Reduction Strategies
okr.unitDECRG: Trade & Intl. Integration (DECTI)
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