Publication:
Poverty Reduction during the Rural-Urban Transformation : The Role of the Missing Middle

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dc.contributor.authorTodo, Yasuyuki
dc.contributor.authorChristiaensen, Luc
dc.date.accessioned2013-09-04T17:57:58Z
dc.date.available2013-09-04T17:57:58Z
dc.date.issued2013-05
dc.description.abstractAs countries develop, they restructure away from agriculture and urbanize. But structural transformation and urbanization patterns differ substantially, with some countries fostering migration out of agriculture into rural off farm activities and secondary towns, and others undergoing rapid agglomeration in mega cities. Using cross-country panel data for developing countries spanning 1980-2004, the analysis in this paper finds that migration out of agriculture into the missing middle (the rural nonfarm economy and secondary towns) yields more inclusive growth patterns and faster poverty reduction than agglomeration in mega cities. This suggests that patterns of urbanization deserve much more attention when striving for faster poverty reduction.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17714693/poverty-reduction-during-rural-urban-transformation-role-missing-middle
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6445
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/15587
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6445
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABSOLUTE TERMS
dc.subjectACCESS TO INFORMATION
dc.subjectAGGREGATE INCOME
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL GROWTH
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INCOMES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL WAGES
dc.subjectANNUAL CHANGE
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOME
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectBASIC INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectCHANGES IN POVERTY
dc.subjectCITIES
dc.subjectCOUNTRY CASE
dc.subjectCOUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectCOUNTRY LEVEL
dc.subjectCOUNTRY SPECIFIC
dc.subjectCURRENT POVERTY
dc.subjectDECOMPOSABLE POVERTY
dc.subjectDEPENDENT VARIABLE
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING WORLD
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT REPORT
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION EFFECT
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectDYNAMIC PANEL
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC STUDIES
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMICS LITERATURE
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL APPLICATION
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL REGULARITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT EQUATIONS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GENERATION
dc.subjectERROR TERM
dc.subjectERROR TERMS
dc.subjectESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS
dc.subjectESTIMATION METHOD
dc.subjectESTIMATION RESULTS
dc.subjectESTIMATION TECHNIQUES
dc.subjectEXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectFARM ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectFARM EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFARM HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectFARM WORK
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFIXED EFFECTS
dc.subjectFOOD POLICY
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL POVERTY
dc.subjectGROWTH EFFECT
dc.subjectGROWTH ELASTICITY
dc.subjectGROWTH PATTERN
dc.subjectGROWTH PRO-POOR
dc.subjectGROWTH PROCESS
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHEAD COUNT RATIO
dc.subjectHEADCOUNT POVERTY
dc.subjectHEADCOUNT RATIO
dc.subjectHIGHER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectHOUSING
dc.subjectIMPACT ON POVERTY
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME CONSTANT
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINHABITANTS
dc.subjectLAND INEQUALITY
dc.subjectLIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY
dc.subjectNONFARM INCOME
dc.subjectPER CAPITA GROWTH
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR BENEFIT
dc.subjectPOOR LIVING
dc.subjectPOOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectPOPULATION SHARE
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY DATA
dc.subjectPOVERTY DECLINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY GAP
dc.subjectPOVERTY HEAD
dc.subjectPOVERTY INCIDENCE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LEVEL
dc.subjectPOVERTY LEVELS
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASURE
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASURES
dc.subjectPOVERTY OUTCOMES
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCING
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPPP
dc.subjectPRO-POOR
dc.subjectPRO-POOR GROWTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectREDUCING POVERTY
dc.subjectREDUCTION OF POVERTY
dc.subjectREGIONAL DUMMIES
dc.subjectREGIONAL GROWTH
dc.subjectREGIONAL SCIENCE
dc.subjectRELATIVE INCOMES
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectRURAL INCOME
dc.subjectRURAL MIGRANTS
dc.subjectRURAL PHENOMENON
dc.subjectRURAL POOR
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENTS
dc.subjectRURAL SERVICES
dc.subjectRURAL TOWNS
dc.subjectRURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectRURAL VILLAGES
dc.subjectSECTORAL COMPOSITION
dc.subjectSIGNIFICANT EFFECT
dc.subjectSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectSPATIAL DYNAMICS
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION
dc.subjectTOTAL POPULATION
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN POOR
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURBAN POVERTY
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectWORKFORCE
dc.titlePoverty Reduction during the Rural-Urban Transformation : The Role of the Missing Middleen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titlePoverty Reduction during the Rural-Urban Transformation - The Role of the Missing Middle
okr.date.disclosure2013-05-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T12:09:11.747440Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17714693/poverty-reduction-during-rural-urban-transformation-role-missing-middle
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.guid215021468151498716
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6445
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20130515085810
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17714693
okr.identifier.reportWPS6445
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/05/15/000158349_20130515085810/Rendered/PDF/wps6445.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.geographicalAfrica
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Rural Poverty Reduction
okr.topicInformation and Communication Technologies::ICT Applications
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Regional Economic Development
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationedddec25-fd05-5c5a-b900-c6e67e3312a4
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryedddec25-fd05-5c5a-b900-c6e67e3312a4
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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