Publication:
The Impact of Remittances on Rural Poverty and Inequality in China

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dc.contributor.authorZhu, Nong
dc.contributor.authorLuo, Xubei
dc.date.accessioned2012-05-29T19:22:10Z
dc.date.available2012-05-29T19:22:10Z
dc.date.issued2008-05
dc.description.abstractLarge numbers of agricultural labor moved from the countryside to cities after the economic reforms in China. Migration and remittances play an important role in transforming the structure of rural household income. This paper examines the impact of rural-to-urban migration on rural poverty and inequality in the case of Hubei province using the data of a 2002 household survey. Since remittances are a potential substitute for farm income, the paper presents counterfactual scenarios of what rural income, poverty, and inequality would have been in the absence of migration. The results show that, by providing alternatives to households with lower marginal labor productivity in agriculture, migration leads to an increase in rural income. In contrast to many studies that suggest the increasing share of non-farm income in total income widens inequality, this paper offers support for the hypothesis that migration tends to have egalitarian effects on rural income for three reasons: (i) migration is rational self-selection - farmers with higher agricultural productivities choose to remain in local agricultural production while those with higher expected return in urban non-farm sectors migrate; (ii) poorer households facing binding constraints of land shortage are more likely to migrate; and (iii) the poorest poor benefit disproportionately from remittances.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9478256/impact-remittances-rural-poverty-inequality-china
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4637
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6597
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4637
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO JOBS
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL WAGE
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectASSET ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOME
dc.subjectBANK LOAN
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectBASIC NEEDS
dc.subjectBRAIN DRAIN
dc.subjectBULLETIN
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectCHANGING INCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectCOLLECTIVE LAND
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL FARMING
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOUNTERFACTUAL
dc.subjectCREDIT MARKET
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES
dc.subjectDECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectDEPENDANTS
dc.subjectDESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING WORLD
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDIFFERENCES IN INCOME
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectECONOMIC STATUS
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL FINDINGS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL LITERATURE
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL RESULTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectENDOGENOUS VARIABLE
dc.subjectENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectENTRY BARRIERS
dc.subjectEQUALIZING IMPACT
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPLAINING INEQUALITY
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFARM ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectFARM ACTIVITY
dc.subjectFARM EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFARM INCOME
dc.subjectFARM INCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectFARM INCOMES
dc.subjectFARM PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFARM PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectFARM SECTOR
dc.subjectFARM SIZE
dc.subjectFARMER
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectFOOD POLICY
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGRAIN PRODUCTION
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectHISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ASSETS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOMES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD LEVEL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD POVERTY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINCIDENCE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectINCOME DISPARITIES
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME EQUATION
dc.subjectINCOME FLUCTUATIONS
dc.subjectINCOME GAINS
dc.subjectINCOME GAP
dc.subjectINCOME INCREASE
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME LEVEL
dc.subjectINCOME SHARE
dc.subjectINCOME SOURCE
dc.subjectINCREASE INCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCREASING SHARE
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINEQUALITIES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY MEASURES
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE MARKET
dc.subjectINTERNAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MIGRANT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectJOB OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLAND MARKET
dc.subjectLAND QUALITY
dc.subjectLAND SHORTAGE
dc.subjectLAND TENURE
dc.subjectLEVELS OF INCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLOW INCOME
dc.subjectMEDIAN INCOME
dc.subjectMIGRANT
dc.subjectMIGRANT REMITTANCES
dc.subjectMIGRANT WORKERS
dc.subjectMIGRANTS
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMODERNIZATION
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE SHOCKS
dc.subjectNONFARM INCOME
dc.subjectNORMAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WORKERS
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectPHYSICAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY OPTIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY REFORMS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLICY REVIEW
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR AREAS
dc.subjectPOOR GROWTH
dc.subjectPOOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectPOOR RURAL AREAS
dc.subjectPOOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectPOPULATION RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EFFECT
dc.subjectPOVERTY DATA
dc.subjectPOVERTY HEADCOUNT
dc.subjectPOVERTY INCIDENCE
dc.subjectPOVERTY INDICES
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINES
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASURES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOVERTY SEVERITY
dc.subjectPRIVATE TRANSFERS
dc.subjectPROFITABILITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC FACILITIES
dc.subjectRATE OF GROWTH
dc.subjectREAL INCOME
dc.subjectREGIONAL DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectREGIONAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectREMITTANCE
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectREMITTANCES FROM MIGRANTS
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectRURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectRURAL AREA
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL ASSET
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectRURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectRURAL FARM
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL INCOME
dc.subjectRURAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR
dc.subjectRURAL MARKET
dc.subjectRURAL POOR
dc.subjectRURAL POOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectRURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectRURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectRURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESSES
dc.subjectSOURCE OF INCOME
dc.subjectSOURCES OF INCOME
dc.subjectSPATIAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN CENTERS
dc.subjectURBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectURBAN MIGRATION
dc.subjectVICIOUS CYCLE
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.titleThe Impact of Remittances on Rural Poverty and Inequality in Chinaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleThe Impact Of Remittances On Rural Poverty And Inequality In China
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T09:23:52.163450Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9478256/impact-remittances-rural-poverty-inequality-china
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid325741468217165097
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4637
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20080528140510
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum9478256
okr.identifier.reportWPS4637
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/05/28/000158349_20080528140510/Rendered/PDF/wps4637.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryChina
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Rural Poverty Reduction
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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