Publication:
Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Western Europe

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dc.contributor.authorJosling, Tim
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-07T19:06:30Z
dc.date.available2017-09-07T19:06:30Z
dc.date.issued2008-09
dc.description.abstractAgriculture in Western Europe enjoys a degree of diversity that reflects a wide variety of soils and climatic conditions ranging from the arid Mediterranean regions to the Arctic Circle. Superimposed on this natural diversity is the complexity of different social, economic and political conditions in the eighteen countries that are the subject of this chapter. History has played a major part in creating this patchwork, particularly the different paths that countries took from feudalism to independent farming units and the inheritance laws that influenced the extent to which land ownership was transmitted from generation to generation. Average farm size varies considerably in the countries of Western Europe, in turn reflecting the relative political and social importance of landowners and small farmers. By the late nineteenth century, these various factors had determined a structure of farming in the Western European region that is still visible today. Productivity growth in Western Europe's agricultural sector compared favorably with that in the manufacturing sector in the immediate post-war period. Over the period 1949 to 1959, by which time the economy had largely recovered from the war-time disruptions, output per person in agriculture had increased by more than that in manufacturing in most of the countries in Western Europe. The productivity growth was a combination of output increases as a result of mechanization and modernization, and the outflow of labor as other sectors absorbed rural workers.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/526801468337236456/Main-report
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/28186
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/28186
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAgricultural Distortions Working Paper;61
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACCESSION NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectADMINISTERED PRICES
dc.subjectAGREED PRICE
dc.subjectAGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL GOODS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL MARKET
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL MARKETS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL POLICIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL POLICY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL REFORM
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTORS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectALLOCATION
dc.subjectANIMAL FEED
dc.subjectANIMAL WELFARE
dc.subjectARBITRAGE
dc.subjectBEEF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectBEET
dc.subjectBLUE BOX
dc.subjectBORDER MEASURES
dc.subjectBORDER PROTECTION
dc.subjectBOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY
dc.subjectBUDGET CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectBUTTER
dc.subjectCEREAL PRICES
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PROGRAMS
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONSUMER GOODS
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICES
dc.subjectCOTTON
dc.subjectCROPS
dc.subjectCROSS-COMPLIANCE
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCUTTING
dc.subjectDAIRY
dc.subjectDAIRY PRODUCTS
dc.subjectDAIRY SECTOR
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDEFICIENCY PAYMENT
dc.subjectDEFICIENCY PAYMENTS
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC PROCESSES
dc.subjectDEVALUATION
dc.subjectDIRECT PAYMENT
dc.subjectDIRECT PAYMENTS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC CONSUMERS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC INDUSTRY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCERS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCTION
dc.subjectDUMPING
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC COSTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPACT
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC TRENDS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectEXPORT
dc.subjectEXPORT PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectEXPORT REFUNDS
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL INFLUENCES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE
dc.subjectFARM
dc.subjectFARM AREA
dc.subjectFARM COMMODITIES
dc.subjectFARM INCOMES
dc.subjectFARM PRICES
dc.subjectFARM PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectFARM PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFARM SECTOR
dc.subjectFARM SIZE
dc.subjectFARM STRUCTURE
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFARMS
dc.subjectFEED
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectFOREIGN COMPETITION
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS
dc.subjectFREE MOVEMENT
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGRAIN
dc.subjectGROSS VALUE
dc.subjectGROWTH HORMONES
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHILL FARMING
dc.subjectHOPS
dc.subjectIMPORT PRICES
dc.subjectIMPORT REGIME
dc.subjectIMPORT SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCENTIVE STRUCTURES
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINHERITANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTERVENTION PRICE
dc.subjectINTERVENTION PRICES
dc.subjectLEVY
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK SECTOR
dc.subjectLOWER COSTS
dc.subjectLOWER PRICE
dc.subjectLOWER PRICES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMARKET PRICE
dc.subjectMARKET PRICE SUPPORT
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET RATES
dc.subjectMARKET SUPPORTS
dc.subjectMARKET VALUE
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMARKETING BOARDS
dc.subjectMARKETING QUOTAS
dc.subjectMARKETING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectMEAT
dc.subjectMERCHANDISE
dc.subjectMERCHANDISE EXPORTS
dc.subjectMILK
dc.subjectMILK POWDER
dc.subjectMILK PRODUCTION
dc.subjectMILK QUOTAS
dc.subjectMINIMUM PRICES
dc.subjectMONEY MARKETS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectOFFER PRICES
dc.subjectOIL PRICE
dc.subjectOLIVE OIL
dc.subjectPARTICULAR COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY RESPONSE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPORK
dc.subjectPOULTRY
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL ACCESS
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE DECLINES
dc.subjectPRICE DECREASES
dc.subjectPRICE INCENTIVES
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE LEVEL
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRICE MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectPRICE POLICY
dc.subjectPRICE STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPRICE SUPPORT
dc.subjectPRICE SUPPORTS
dc.subjectPRODUCER ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectPRODUCER PRICES
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKETS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION INCREASES
dc.subjectPRODUCTION QUOTA
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectQUOTA SYSTEM
dc.subjectRAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectRAPID EXPANSION
dc.subjectRAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectRAW MATERIALS
dc.subjectREBATE
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICE
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICES
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSINGLE MARKET
dc.subjectSOYBEAN MEAL
dc.subjectSTOCKS
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectSUGAR
dc.subjectSUGAR BEET
dc.subjectSUGAR CANE
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSURPLUS
dc.subjectSURPLUSES
dc.subjectTARGET PRICE
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectTRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectTRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectTRADE ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE FLOWS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE RELATIONS
dc.subjectTRADE SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL FARMING
dc.subjectTRANSITIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVALUE OF OUTPUT
dc.subjectVEGETABLE SECTOR
dc.subjectVOLUME
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD PRICE
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleDistortions to Agricultural Incentives in Western Europeen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleDistortions to Agricultural Incentives in Western Europe
okr.date.disclosure2010-07-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T12:47:54.795470Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/526801468337236456/Main-report
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okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000356161_20100903001426
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum12726040
okr.identifier.report56143
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okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/526801468337236456/pdf/561430NWP0West10Western1Europe10908.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.geographicalEurope
okr.region.geographicalEuropean Union
okr.sectorAgriculture, fishing, and forestry
okr.topicAgriculture::Agricultural Sector Economics
okr.topicAgriculture::Agricultural Trade
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade Policy
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade and Agriculture
okr.unitDECRG: Trade & Intl. Integration (DECTI)
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