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Learning in the Shadow of the Pandemic: COVID-19 Learning Loss and Widening Learning Disparities in Indonesia

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dc.contributor.authorHata, Anna
dc.contributor.authorKim, Seil
dc.contributor.authorNomura, Shinsaku
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-11T15:18:01Z
dc.date.available2024-11-11T15:18:01Z
dc.date.issued2024-11-11
dc.description.abstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and associated school closures led to significant learning disruption around the world (Patrinos, 2023; Schady et al, 2023), and there is a need to understand the relationship between this disruption and student learning outcomes in Indonesia. This study builds on a recent World Bank report, and aims to conduct a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of associated factors related to learning loss and disparity in Indonesia. This study draws on empirical data including both students’ individual characteristics and structural factors such as governmental support related to the pandemic, school-based management and teacher quality. This study employed surveys from 2019 and 2023 to estimate the learning loss among 6,693 primary school students following the COVID-19 school closures. Additionally, it identified school and individual factors that promoted improvement in student learning during the pandemic. It found that students examined in March 2023 experienced a learning loss of 0.265 standard deviations in language (equivalent to approximately 10.6 months) and 0.276 standard deviations in math (11 months), compared to same-aged students in 2019. This study reveals increased disparity in learning outcomes across different groups. Students with lower socioeconomic status (SES) experienced larger learning losses than others. The poorest 20 percent of households experienced approximately two years of learning loss in both language and math, and students with less educated parents suffered from greater learning losses, including up to two years in language. Pre-existing gender and regional gaps in learning outcomes persisted during the pandemic, with boys underperforming girls, and rural schools underperforming urban schools in both 2019 and 2023.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099101824024014419/P17481513b7b0208a1b8481b6da616851c2
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/42393
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/42393
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.rightsCC BY-NC 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo
dc.subjectGOOD HEALTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectLEARNING DISRUPTION
dc.subjectQUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.titleLearning in the Shadow of the Pandemicen
dc.title.subtitleCOVID-19 Learning Loss and Widening Learning Disparities in Indonesiaen
dc.typeReport
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleLearning in the Shadow of the Pandemic: COVID-19 Learning Loss and Widening Learning Disparities in Indonesia
okr.date.disclosure2024-11-11
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-07T08:26:22.454191Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-08T16:12:38.113622Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-09T03:08:27.729005Z
okr.date.lastmodified2024-10-18T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypeReport
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099101824024014419/P17481513b7b0208a1b8481b6da616851c2
okr.guid099101824024014419
okr.identifier.docmidP174815-3b7b025c-afa5-438a-b848-b6da616851c2
okr.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1596/42393
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34407616
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34407616
okr.identifier.report194193
okr.import.id5749
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099101824024014419/pdf/P17481513b7b0208a1b8481b6da616851c2.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryIndonesia
okr.sectorWorkforce Development/Skills,Early Childhood Education,Primary Education,Secondary Education,Tertiary Education
okr.themeEducation,Student Assessment,Gender,Human Development and Gender,Education Facilities,Access to Education,Disease Control,Standards, Curriculum and Textbooks,Pandemic Response,Education Governance, School-Based Management
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Communicable Diseases
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Poverty Reduction Strategies
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Growth
okr.topicEducation::Access & Equity in Basic Education
okr.topicGender::Gender and Education
okr.unitEducation EAP (HEAED)
relation.isAuthorOfPublication208a78c7-9120-529a-af26-4b54b9ebfece
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery208a78c7-9120-529a-af26-4b54b9ebfece
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