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Carbon Pricing and Transit Accessibility to Jobs: Impacts on Inequality in Rio de Janeiro and Kinshasa

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dc.contributor.authorNell, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorHerszenhut, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorNakamura, Shohei
dc.contributor.authorSaraiva, Marcus
dc.contributor.authorAvner, Paolo
dc.contributor.authorKnudsen, Camilla
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-13T16:00:29Z
dc.date.available2023-03-13T16:00:29Z
dc.date.issued2023-03
dc.description.abstractUrban transport is a major driver of global carbon dioxide emissions. Without strong mitigation policies, rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries, is expected to exacerbate the problem. There is a growing consensus on the fundamental role of carbon pricing for achieving reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. However, carbon pricing policies are frequently criticized and resisted for having adverse distributional impacts, which could hinder their implementation, particularly when implemented as a fuel levy—which would impact private vehicle usage but may also affect transit services such as buses. Currently, there is a lack of evidence that quantifies these negative impacts, especially on people’s ability to reach economic opportunities and services. To this end, this paper studies the impact of a uniform carbon price, as one of the most commonly discussed climate policies, on access to employment opportunities via transit services in Kinshasa and Rio de Janeiro. Reduced access to jobs would contribute to fragmented urban labor markets and thus lead to negative social outcomes. Unlike most previous studies, this study defines access as being constrained by both travel time and travel budget. The results indicate that fuel price increases (simulating increases induced by a carbon tax) reduce accessibility, but the effect is lower in more compact and walkable cities as well as in cities that have green transit options. The paper also shows that fuel price increases have spatially and socially disparate outcomes, with the lowest income communities not necessarily being the most affected, in part because even in the absence of carbon pricing, they are found to be priced out of using transit services. The results demonstrate the importance of strategies and investments, such as land use planning and decarbonized transit services, but also possibly complementary social protection programs (such as targeted subsidies, or even cash transfers), to mitigate the negative distributional consequences of carbon pricing policies.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099434503062310151/IDU05a4ae20c0a79d042a40a09c01721e4239201
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10341
dc.identifier.urihttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39514
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Papers; 10341
dc.rightsCC BY-NC 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.subjectDISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectURBAN POLLUTION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT ACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectCLIMATE POLICY
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT
dc.subjectURBAN LABOR MARKET
dc.subjectURBAN TRANSIT
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCO2 MITIGATION
dc.titleCarbon Pricing and Transit Accessibility to Jobsen
dc.title.subtitleImpacts on Inequality in Rio de Janeiro and Kinshasaen
dc.typeWorking Paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleCarbon Pricing and Transit Accessibility to Jobs: Impacts on Inequality in Rio de Janeiro and Kinshasa
okr.date.disclosure2023-03-06
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-07T08:27:44.375253Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-08T16:13:20.786723Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-09T03:11:51.861093Z
okr.date.lastmodified2023-03-06T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePolicy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099434503062310151/IDU05a4ae20c0a79d042a40a09c01721e4239201
okr.guid099434503062310151
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10341
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34016000
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34016000
okr.identifier.reportWPS10341
okr.import.id31
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099434503062310151/pdf/IDU05a4ae20c0a79d042a40a09c01721e4239201.pdfen
okr.region.countryBrazil
okr.region.countryCongo, Democratic Republic of
okr.topicEnvironment::Carbon Policy and Trading
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Equity and Development
okr.unitClimate Change-D1-GFDRR-IBRD (GFDRR)
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationaba5095c-0b26-4b6b-a711-2f6efb69a279
relation.isAuthorOfPublication89ad6b6b-71d0-4200-9610-add17ae72e9e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryaba5095c-0b26-4b6b-a711-2f6efb69a279
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