Publication:
Improving Trade and Transport for Landlocked Developing Countries: A Ten-Year Review

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank Group
dc.contributor.authorUN-OHRLLS
dc.date.accessioned2015-04-28T15:48:09Z
dc.date.available2015-04-28T15:48:09Z
dc.date.issued2014-11
dc.description.abstractLandlocked developing countries (LLDCs) are completely dependent on their transit neighbors infrastructure and administrative procedures to transport their goods to port. This publication provides a comprehensive ten-year review in order to assess the progress made in improving access of LLDCs to global markets, identify the remaining challenges faced by LLDCs, and present improved and innovative ways to overcome them. This publication is based on the practical knowledge from implementing the Almaty Program policies, shared by both of our institutions. It provides a snapshot of the economic trends in LLDCs, with regard to trade costs, connectivity constraints and trade diversification. It reviews the key access policies in the Almaty Program of Action framework that include infrastructure, transport and logistics services, regional integration, trade and transit facilitation. It combines data and substantial feedback from implemented projects and policy changes. The focus of the document is general in scope and does not include detailed economic or policy analysis of all the potential components of reforms. The publication is organized as follows: Chapter1: Economics of Landlockedness; Chapter 2: Connectivity Constraints; Chapter 3: Hinterland Connections; Chapter 4: Transit and Trade Facilitation, Regional Integration; Chapter 5: Physical Connectivity, Corridors. This document is based primarily on the experience of project implementation by the World Bank, and on analytical work on trade corridors and LLDCs, including reports and presentations on progress in implementing the Almaty Program of Action.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/11/24254032/improving-trade-transport-landlocked-developing-countries-ten-year-review
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/21800
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/21800
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO THE SEA
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectAD VALOREM
dc.subjectAGENCY COST
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR TRANSPORT
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBERTHS
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectBLOCK TRAINS
dc.subjectBORDER CROSSING
dc.subjectBORDER CROSSINGS
dc.subjectBORDER MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectBOTTLENECKS
dc.subjectBTN
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectCAF
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAR
dc.subjectCARGO
dc.subjectCARGO CONSOLIDATION
dc.subjectCARGO HANDLING
dc.subjectCARRIAGE
dc.subjectCARRIERS
dc.subjectCARTEL
dc.subjectCIF
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY EXPORTS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICES
dc.subjectCOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE MARKETS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONGESTION
dc.subjectCONNECTIVITY
dc.subjectCONSIGNMENT
dc.subjectCONTAINERS
dc.subjectCOUPONS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS BROKERS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS UNION
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDIRECT ACCESS
dc.subjectDIRECT ROUTES
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTORS
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectDRIVING
dc.subjectDRIVING TIME
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONCENTRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC STRUCTURE
dc.subjectECONOMIC TRENDS
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFORECASTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN MARKETS
dc.subjectFOREIGN TRADE
dc.subjectFREIGHT
dc.subjectFREIGHT FORWARDERS
dc.subjectFREIGHT FORWARDING
dc.subjectFREIGHT RATES
dc.subjectFREIGHT TERMINALS
dc.subjectFREIGHT TRAFFIC
dc.subjectFREIGHT TRANSPORT
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectGATT
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGOOD GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHARMONIZATION
dc.subjectHARMONIZED SYSTEM
dc.subjectHIGH TRANSPORT
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME GROUP
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE COST
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURES
dc.subjectINLAND WATERWAYS
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL PORTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectINVENTORIES
dc.subjectINVENTORY
dc.subjectJOURNEYS
dc.subjectLANDLOCKED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectLDCS
dc.subjectLINER SHIPPING
dc.subjectLOADING
dc.subjectLOGISTICS COSTS
dc.subjectLONG-DISTANCE
dc.subjectLONG-DISTANCE ROAD
dc.subjectLONGER DISTANCES
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARITIME TRANSPORT
dc.subjectMEANS OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMILEAGE
dc.subjectMODE OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectMODES OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectNATIONAL LOGISTICS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectPACKAGING
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectPERFECT COMPETITION
dc.subjectPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
dc.subjectQUALITY OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectQUAYS
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL CORRIDORS
dc.subjectRAIL FREIGHT
dc.subjectRAIL HEAD
dc.subjectRAIL NETWORK
dc.subjectRAIL SERVICES
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSIT
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectRAILROAD
dc.subjectRAILWAY
dc.subjectRAILWAY LINE
dc.subjectRAILWAYS
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectRED TAPE
dc.subjectREGIONAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRANSIT
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectREGULATOR
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD DESIGN
dc.subjectROAD DESIGN STANDARDS
dc.subjectROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectROAD NETWORK
dc.subjectROAD SAFETY
dc.subjectROAD SERVICES
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT SERVICES
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectROUTE
dc.subjectROUTES
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSHARE OF WORLD TRADE
dc.subjectSHIPMENTS
dc.subjectSHIPPERS
dc.subjectSHIPPING
dc.subjectSHIPS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
dc.subjectTERMINAL FACILITIES
dc.subjectTIRES
dc.subjectTOLLS
dc.subjectTRADE COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectTRADE FACILITATION
dc.subjectTRADE LOGISTICS
dc.subjectTRADE PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAFFIC DEMAND
dc.subjectTRANSIT
dc.subjectTRANSIT CORRIDORS
dc.subjectTRANSIT COUNTRIES
dc.subjectTRANSIT POLICY
dc.subjectTRANSIT SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSIT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectTRANSIT TRADE
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT CORRIDORS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT EQUIPMENT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT FACILITATION
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INDUSTRY
dc.subjectTRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MARKET
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MODE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT OPERATIONS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT OPERATORS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT POLICY
dc.subjectTRANSPORT PRICE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION POLICIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTS
dc.subjectTRANSSHIPMENT
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIME
dc.subjectTRIP
dc.subjectTRUCKS
dc.subjectTRUE
dc.subjectURBAN TRAFFIC
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectVEHICLE OPERATING
dc.subjectVEHICLE OPERATING COSTS
dc.subjectVEHICLES
dc.subjectVOLATILITY
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWAREHOUSES
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleImproving Trade and Transport for Landlocked Developing Countriesen
dc.title.subtitleA Ten-Year Reviewen
dc.typeReporten
dc.typeRapportfr
dc.typeInformees
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2015-04-02
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T12:49:19.126089Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/11/24254032/improving-trade-transport-landlocked-developing-countries-ten-year-review
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.guid988231468126267145
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b084340cb7_2_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum24254032
okr.identifier.report95447
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/04/02/000477144_20150402150241/Rendered/PDF/954470WP0P12900d0Countries00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicIndustry::Common Carriers Industry
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicTransport and Trade Logistics
okr.topicTransport
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth
okr.unitTrade & Compet - GP - IBRD (GTCDR)
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