Publication:
Political Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in India

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dc.contributor.authorKerr, William R.
dc.contributor.authorGhani, Ejaz
dc.contributor.authorO'Connell, Stephen D.
dc.date.accessioned2013-01-29T16:41:25Z
dc.date.available2013-01-29T16:41:25Z
dc.date.issued2013-01
dc.description.abstractThis paper quantifies the link between the timing of state-level implementations of political reservations for women in India with the role of women in India's manufacturing sector. It does not find evidence that overall employment of women in manufacturing increased after the reforms. However, the analysis finds significant evidence that more women-owned establishments were created in the unorganized/informal sector. These establishments were concentrated in industries where women entrepreneurs have been traditionally active and the entry was mainly found among household-based establishments. This heightened entrepreneurship does not appear linked to changes in reporting, better access to government contracts and business, or improved financing environments. One interpretation of these results is that the implementation of the political reservations inspired more women to open establishments, and they did so at a small establishment scale in industries where they had experience and/or the support networks of other women.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17151425/political-reservations-womens-entrepreneurship-india
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6307
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/12190
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 6307
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectADVANCED ECONOMIES
dc.subjectATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN
dc.subjectBRIBES
dc.subjectBUSINESS ACTIVITY
dc.subjectBUSINESS MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectBUSINESS OWNER
dc.subjectBUSINESS OWNERS
dc.subjectBUSINESS OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectBUSINESS TRAINING
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCRIMES
dc.subjectCRIMES AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENTAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subjectEMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subjectENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEXPLOITATION
dc.subjectEXTERNAL FINANCE
dc.subjectEXTERNAL FINANCING
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE BUSINESSES
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectFIXED CAPITAL
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTS
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER ISSUES
dc.subjectGENDER PARITY
dc.subjectGENDER QUOTAS
dc.subjectGENDERS
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGREATER ACCESS
dc.subjectHOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLOAN ACCESS
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectNEW BUSINESSES
dc.subjectOBSTACLES TO GROWTH
dc.subjectOPPRESSION
dc.subjectPERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPREJUDICE
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectRESIDENCE
dc.subjectROLE OF WOMEN
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS
dc.subjectSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectSTATUS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectTEXTILES
dc.subjectUNICEF
dc.subjectUNION
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectWOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectWOMEN IN BUSINESS
dc.subjectWOMEN IN LEADERSHIP
dc.subjectWOMEN IN POLITICS
dc.subjectWOMEN LEADERS
dc.subjectWOMEN LEGISLATORS
dc.subjectWOMEN'S ISSUES
dc.subjectWOOD
dc.titlePolitical Reservations and Women’s Entrepreneurship in Indiaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titlePolitical Reservations and Women's Entrepreneurship in India
okr.date.disclosure2013-01-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T09:58:56.768713Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17151425/political-reservations-womens-entrepreneurship-india
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeWater
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6307
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20130107141858
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17151425
okr.identifier.reportWPS6307
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/01/07/000158349_20130107141858/Rendered/PDF/wps6307.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicRural Development Knowledge and Information Systems
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicWater Resources::Water and Industry
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicRural Development
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication34242d7e-0b6a-546a-b2c5-e97e6e1fab2c
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery34242d7e-0b6a-546a-b2c5-e97e6e1fab2c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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