Publication:
The Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performance

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dc.contributor.authorMasud, Tayyeb
dc.contributor.authorNavaratne, Kumari Vinodhani
dc.date.accessioned2013-05-28T20:01:28Z
dc.date.available2013-05-28T20:01:28Z
dc.date.issued2012-04
dc.description.abstractThe Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Pakistan protects against eight vaccine-preventable diseases and immunizes children below 23 months of age. The program was implemented under the Ministry of Health (MOH) until July 11, 2011, when amendment 18 to the constitution devolved health as a subject completely to the provinces. Currently, the EPI is managed and implemented at the provincial level with coordination provided by the Ministry of inter provincial coordination. During the last decade, EPI performance has been stagnant with only 40-60 percent of children receiving the vaccines age-appropriately. Vaccine preventable diseases are still a major cause for the high infant and child mortality rates in Pakistan. Evidence suggests that underachievement of the EPI is due to a combination of factors including; inadequate performance in the areas of service delivery, program management, monitoring and evaluation, logistics control, human resources management and financing, as well as community health-seeking behaviors and other demand-side issues. The recommendations include: (i) increasing focus on supervision, monitoring and evaluation, (ii) considering performance-based incentives, (iii) exploring partnerships with the private sector, (iv) expediting polio eradication initiatives, (v) improving management, (vi) increasing targeted capacity development, (vii) concentrating on the target age group for immunization, (viii) developing socially acceptable strategies, (ix) developing a human resource strategy and implementation plan, and (x) improving planning at the local level.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/04/17036819/expanded-program-immunization-pakistan-recommendations-improving-performance
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/13579
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13579
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesHealth, Nutrition and Population (HNP) discussion paper;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS
dc.subjectAGE GROUPS
dc.subjectAGED
dc.subjectANTIGENS
dc.subjectBABIES
dc.subjectBASIC HEALTH
dc.subjectBCG
dc.subjectBEHAVIOR CHANGE
dc.subjectBILATERAL DONORS
dc.subjectBIRTH RATES
dc.subjectBIRTHS
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectCHILDBEARING
dc.subjectCHILDHOOD ILLNESS
dc.subjectCHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectCHILDREN FULLY IMMUNIZED
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectCOLD CHAIN
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY HEALTH
dc.subjectCOMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectDANGERS
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR SERVICES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PLANS
dc.subjectDIARRHEA
dc.subjectDIPHTHERIA
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectDISASTERS
dc.subjectDISEASE BURDEN
dc.subjectDISEASE CONTROL
dc.subjectDISEASE SURVEILLANCE
dc.subjectDISPENSARIES
dc.subjectDOSES OF VACCINE
dc.subjectEARTHQUAKE
dc.subjectEMERGENCIES
dc.subjectEMERGENCY RESPONSE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFACT SHEET
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectFATIGUE
dc.subjectFOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectGOOD GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE DELIVERY
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE WORKERS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE­DELIVERY
dc.subjectHEALTH CENTERS
dc.subjectHEALTH CENTRES
dc.subjectHEALTH DELIVERY
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH INITIATIVES
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICIES
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectHEALTH REGULATIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH SPECIALIST
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectHEPATITIS
dc.subjectHEPATITIS B
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectILLNESS
dc.subjectILLNESSES
dc.subjectIMCI
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION ACTIVITY
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectINFANTS
dc.subjectINFECTION
dc.subjectINFLUENZA
dc.subjectINSERVICE TRAINING
dc.subjectINTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESS
dc.subjectINTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES
dc.subjectINTEGRATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectLARGE POPULATION
dc.subjectLIMITED RESOURCES
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL COMMUNITY
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectLOCAL POPULATION
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMALARIA CONTROL
dc.subjectMALNUTRITION
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectMATERNAL CHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectMCH
dc.subjectMEASLES
dc.subjectMEDICAL EQUIPMENT
dc.subjectMEDICAL OFFICER
dc.subjectMEDICAL OFFICERS
dc.subjectMEDICAL PRACTITIONERS
dc.subjectMEDICINE
dc.subjectMENINGITIS
dc.subjectMIDWIFERY
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMOBILE TEAMS
dc.subjectMORBIDITY
dc.subjectMORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectNEGATIVE EFFECTS
dc.subjectNEONATAL TETANUS
dc.subjectNNT
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOBSTETRICS
dc.subjectOUTREACH ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectPERTUSSIS
dc.subjectPLACE OF RESIDENCE
dc.subjectPNEUMONIA
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLIO
dc.subjectPOLIO ERADICATION
dc.subjectPOLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE
dc.subjectPOLIO VACCINE
dc.subjectPOLIOMYELITIS
dc.subjectPOPULATION ESTIMATES
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROUPS
dc.subjectPRACTITIONERS
dc.subjectPREGNANT WOMEN
dc.subjectPREVENTABLE DISEASE
dc.subjectPREVENTABLE DISEASES
dc.subjectPREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectROOMS
dc.subjectROTAVIRUS
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSAFE MOTHERHOOD
dc.subjectSAFETY MEASURES
dc.subjectSECRETARY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVISION
dc.subjectSERVICE UTILIZATION
dc.subjectSOCIAL MOBILIZATION
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
dc.subjectSYRINGES
dc.subjectTB
dc.subjectTB CONTROL
dc.subjectTEACHING HOSPITALS
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTETANUS
dc.subjectTREATMENT
dc.subjectTUBERCULOSIS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectVACCINATION
dc.subjectVACCINE COVERAGE
dc.subjectVACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES
dc.subjectVACCINE VIAL MONITORS
dc.subjectVACCINES
dc.subjectVIRUS
dc.subjectVIRUSES
dc.subjectWOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.titleThe Expanded Program on Immunization in Pakistan : Recommendations for Improving Performanceen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2012-12-04
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:39:43.018725Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/04/17036819/expanded-program-immunization-pakistan-recommendations-improving-performance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid937161468325211703
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333038_20121205004822
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17036819
okr.identifier.report69106
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/12/05/000333038_20121205004822/Rendered/PDF/NonAsciiFileName0.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryPakistan
okr.topicEarly Child and Children's Health
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicDisease Control and Prevention
okr.topicHealth Systems Development and Reform
okr.topicHealth
okr.topicNutrition and Population
okr.unitHealth, Nutrition & Popultn Team (HDNHE)
okr.volume1 of 1
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