Publication:
Economics of Tobacco Toolkit, Tool 2. Data for Economic Analysis

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (1.16 MB)
578 downloads
English Text (135.85 KB)
249 downloads
Published
2013
ISSN
Date
2013-11-14
Abstract
This tool provides a general introduction to 'the art' of building databases. It addresses a number of issues pertaining to the search, identification and preparation of data for meaningful economic analysis. It can best be thought of as a reference mechanism that provides support for the occasionally frustrated but endlessly hungry researcher working through the adventures of tobacco control analysis. Anyone can reference this tool. This tool addresses a variety of data issues as they pertain to the economic analyses presented in the remaining tools of this toolkit. Most countries in the world today report at least a basic set of national economic and social information. In addition, aggregate or 'macro' level data is also largely available at sub-national levels of these societies and captures information that's reflective of regional, state, provincial, county or other jurisdictional divisions of the country. Consumption represents product use. Therefore, data on tobacco consumption reflects the amount of tobacco products used by a consumer. Data on tobacco product consumption is required for any economic analysis related to the demand for tobacco. Tobacco consumption information can be obtained through surveys of households and/or individual consumers. National population surveys and censuses interview random samples of individuals and/or households in an effort to obtain behavioral and socioeconomic information that will best describe the characteristics of the nation's current population.
Link to Data Set
Citation
Czart, Christina; Chaloupka, Frank. Yurekli, Ayda; de Beyer, Joy, editors. 2013. Economics of Tobacco Toolkit, Tool 2. Data for Economic Analysis. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16270 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Economics of Tobacco Toolkit, Tool 3 : Economic Analysis of Tobacco Demand
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013) Wilkins, Nick; Yurekli, Ayda; Hu, Teh-wei; Yurekli, Ayda; de Beyer, Joy
    The tobacco epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon with significantly destructive effects on developing, transitional, and industrialized nations. The first scientific evidence on the health consequences of tobacco consumption-specifically, smoking-was discovered in industrialized nations. As a result, the economic analysis of tobacco control issues began and was developed in these countries. This tool attempts to explain the process of analysis of demand for tobacco products as simply as possible. It includes discussions of basic economic and analysis principles (written for non-specialists such as policy makers and analysts) and more advanced technical points (intended for use by the economists and econometricians who will undertake the actual demand analysis). Consumption of tobacco products includes both smoked categories (e.g., cigarettes, hand-rolled tobacco, pipe tobacco, cigars, bidis, kreteks, etc.) and smokeless types (such as snuff and chewing tobacco). In industrialized countries, cigarettes disproportionately influence tobacco epidemics. This tool discusses and presents, in technical detail, each of the steps necessary to conduct an economic demand analysis on tobacco products. In addition, the reader is presented the fundamentals of demand analysis, including its purpose, assumptions, and requirements. In turn, the reasons to intervene in the market for tobacco products stem from the destructive nature of tobacco consumption. Smoking is the single largest preventable cause of premature death in industrialized countries. In economic terms, the principle of consumer sovereignty holds that individuals know what products are in their best interests to consume. Provided consumers know the risks concerned and internalize all the costs and benefits involved, private consumption decisions result in the most efficient allocation of society's scarce resources. Tobacco products are available to consumers for a price, and an issue of great interest to tobacco control advocates (and the tobacco industry) is to what extent are consumers willing to buy those tobacco products. For instance, the willingness to buy is strongly influenced by such characteristics as the consumer's sense of value, income level, and taste.
  • Publication
    Tobacco Control in Brazil
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2007-08) Jha, Prabhat; Iglesias, Roberto; Pinto, Márcia; da Costa e Silva, Vera Luiza; Godinho, Joana
    The objective of this study was to assess the smoking situation in Brazil, and the role of the tobacco control program, and compare it to experience in other countries. The study assessed key trends in smoking rates and lung cancer in Brazil, and reviewed price and non-price interventions. A discussion of fiscal instruments and smuggling is also included in this report. This study aimed at further evaluating the smoking situation in Brazil, the role of the tobacco control program in the country, and compares it to global best practice and experience in other countries. The study report is structured into three main parts: in the first chapter, trends in smoking prevalence, consumption, and cigarette expenditures in Brazil are reviewed, including the illegal market; in the second chapter, trends in lung cancer mortality and health care costs of smoking-related diseases in the country are analyzed; in the third chapter, non-price and price interventions are reviewed, including those taken by the Brazil tobacco control program, as well as the impact increases in cigarette prices and taxes would have on smoking prevalence and tax revenue. The report concludes with recommendations for further action to protect the Brazilian population from premature death and disease caused by smoking, and to reverse the negative impact of smoking on public expenditures.
  • Publication
    Tobacco Control
    (Washington, DC, 2003-07) World Bank
    The note looks at tobacco from the health perspective, and at how to reduce its use, since smoking is becoming the single biggest cause of death worldwide, particularly affecting the developing countries, where most of the world's smokers live. It thus looks at the correlation between smoking and poverty, stating smoking prevalence tends to be higher among men with less education, and with lower incomes, hence bearing greater health risks. Because of the highly addictive factor of nicotine, smoking initiation should be discouraged, persuading particularly the young, in an aim to reduce disease, and death resulting from tobacco use. Towards this effort, the World Health Organization, the Bank, and other agencies are becoming partners to improve health, and to this end, an International Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is being negotiated, while further efforts are led by nongovernmental organizations, and nationally particularly as taxation is the most effective way to reduce tobacco use. The note also outlines evidence that results are best achieved within comprehensive measures to reduce tobacco use; that job losses in tobacco farming, and manufacturing, are to be offset by jobs in other sectors, responsive to changed expenditure patterns; and, that while most measures to reduce tobacco supply are ineffective, smuggling control is however, the key supply-side measure to pursue. [Revised February 2011]
  • Publication
    Progression of Tobacco Control Policies : Lessons from the United States and Implications for Global Action
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-05) Novotny, Thomas E.; Mamudu, Hadii M.
    This paper examines the historical experience of tobacco control in the last five decades and shares important lessons of public health interventions to inform current and future tobacco control programs in other countries. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part gives an overview of the political economy, principal influences and interventions in tobacco control in the United States. It stresses the importance of information shocks and the role played by grassroots organizations. The current situation of tobacco control in the United States is further discussed in the second part, with emphasis on the economic case that led to litigation, as well as the response of the industry and the States. The third part focuses on the present efforts of multilaterals like the World Bank, technical United Nation (UN) agencies such as the World Health Organization, in the context of the new global governance structure: the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The last section discusses lessons learned and provides recommendations for comprehensive tobacco control programs.
  • Publication
    Determinants of Tobacco Consumption in Papua New Guinea
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-06) Xu, Xiaochen; Hou, Xiaohui; Anderson, Ian
    This paper analyzes smoking prevalence and smoking behaviors in Papua New Guinea. Using the 2009–10 Papua New Guinea Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the paper analyzes the determinants of tobacco use and tobacco choices in Papua New Guinea. The results show that adults (18 years and above) in the poorest quartile are more likely to smoke. Tobacco consumption imposes a large financial burden to poor households. Tobacco consumption accounts for about 23 percent of total household food expenditure for households in the poorest quartile, compared with 15 percent for the entire sample. However, most of these households consume non-processed tobacco. The study reveals the urgency to control tobacco consumption in Papua New Guinea and considers some practical challenges that the country may face.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Evaluation Insight Note
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-12) World Bank
    This Evaluation Insight Note (EIN) aims to contribute to the World Bank’s goal of encouraging the use of data, digital technology, and innovation towards transforming agri-food systems in client countries. The EIN was guided by the overall question: “How are World Bank agriculture and irrigation projects using technologies and what insights can be drawn from them” In answering this question, the EIN draws from a portfolio identification and review of 158 active and 113 closed projects (FY16-23) World Bank agriculture and irrigation projects to describe the extent and utilization of agricultural technologies. It supplemented the findings from the review with insights drawn from four project evaluations (Project Performance Assessment Reports) prepared by IEG in Bangladesh, Brazil, Cote d’Ivoire, and Vietnam, which were selected because of their likely lessons on agriculture technology. The portfolio and systematic review provided the basis for seven main insights on coverage and nature of technologies used in World Bank agriculture projects, demand-based technological solutions, technology diffusion, collaboration, and investment in enabling environment factors, among others. (1) The World Bank Agriculture and Irrigation portfolio shows limited coverage of advanced technologies. (2) The technologies that are prevalent in projects are mainly focused on increasing agricultural productivity with limited focus on technologies for facilitating market linkages. (3) Among the technologies promoted in Bank agriculture and irrigation projects, some technologies, and applications such GIS, early warning systems and MIS are more concentrated than others. (4) Combining demand-based technological solutions with training and technical assistance supported uptake of those solutions. (5) Technology diffusion worked well when there was strong collaboration between key research and extension agencies, each with well-defined roles and responsibilities in the projects. (6) When technology dissemination efforts are combined with investments in enabling environment factors such as infrastructure (i.e., roads, markets), they facilitated technology adoption. (7) Building sustainable institutional models – key for technology uptake and use – continue to be challenging in Bank supported projects.
  • Publication
    Education and Civil Conflict in Nepal
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-05) Valente, Christine
    Between 1996 and 2006, Nepal experienced violent civil conflict as a consequence of a Maoist insurgency, which many argue also brought about an increase in female empowerment. This paper exploits variations in exposure to conflict by birth cohort, survey date, and district to estimate the impact of the insurgency on education outcomes. Overall conflict intensity, measured by conflict casualties, is associated with an increase in female educational attainment, whereas abductions by Maoists, which often targeted school children, have the reverse effect. Male schooling tended to increase more rapidly in areas where the fighting was more intense, but the estimates are smaller in magnitude and more sensitive to specification than estimates for females. Similar results are obtained across different specifications, and robustness checks indicate that these findings are not due to selective migration.
  • Publication
    Digital Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13) Begazo, Tania; Dutz, Mark Andrew; Blimpo, Moussa
    All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.
  • Publication
    Proven Delivery Models for LED Public Lighting
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2016-10) Makumbe, Pedzisayi; Weyl, Debbie K.; Eil, Andrew; Li, Jie
    The project covers seven cities, encompassing nine urban local bodies: seven municipal corporations (MCs) and two urban improvement trusts (UITs). The urban local bodies are responsible for infrastructure improvements in the cities. The cities are spread across three states in central and northwestern India: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. They range in size from 260,000 (Alwar) to 2.6 million (Pune), with most in the range of 300,000 to 500,000 inhabitants. Institutionally, municipalities in India are under little regulatory obligation to improve lighting quality to meet standards. India’s Code of Practice for Lighting, created in 1970 by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) to establish lighting standards for categories of streets and roads, and has not been updated since 1981. Further, as USAID report from 2010 notes, ‘since these guidelines are not enforced by any regulatory authority, it is common for municipalities to be unaware of the standards, and many fail to comply.’ Consequently, project upgrades are not driven by regulatory compliance but by municipalities’ initiative to save operating funds on electricity and maintenance, and to improve street lighting quality.
  • Publication
    Counterfactual Decomposition of Pro-Poorness Using Influence Functions
    (Taylor and Francis, 2015-12-11) Lambert, Peter J.; Essama-Nssah, B.
    Poverty reduction has emerged as a fundamental social objective of development, and has become a metric commonly used to assess the performance of public policy. This paper adapts the methodology of Firpo, Fortin and Lemieux (2009) [2009. “Unconditional Quantile Regressions.” Econometrica 77 (3): 953–973] to the measurement of the pro-poorness of income growth. The method allows the analyst to identify co-variates that affect poverty reduction. The methodology is policy-relevant because policy-makers can better target these co-variates than the average level of income, or the level of inequality. We demonstrate this by application to Bangladesh 2000–2010.