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Middle-Income Countries : Development Challenges and Growing Global Role

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dc.contributor.authorFallon, Peter
dc.contributor.authorHon, Vivian
dc.contributor.authorQureshi, Zia
dc.contributor.authorRatha, Dilip
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-21T17:35:39Z
dc.date.available2014-08-21T17:35:39Z
dc.date.issued2001-08
dc.description.abstractThere has been much debate recently about the role of international development institutions, such as the World Bank in middle-income countries. Some observers have suggested that middle-income countries have reached a stage in their economic development that calls into question the rationale for development institutions' continued engagement in these countries. But the authors find that middle-income countries continue to face significant development challenges. The nature of these challenges varies substantially, but all of these countries face an agenda calling for continued partnership with the international development community. Middle-income countries still have high levels of poverty. They are home to more than three-quarters of the world's poor (those living on less than U$S 2 a day). Poverty is pervasive in some middle-income countries, while in others the problem is one of major concentrations of poverty in backward areas. And recent crises have revealed the fragility of some of the gains against poverty in these countries. On the policy front, some countries have made great strides in reform, but many lag considerable behind, and even among the advanced reformers, the unfinished policy agenda is substantial. The countries' institutional capacity to manage reform varies greatly. So does their integration with the global economy. Many middle-income countries still have little access to international capital markets, and even those with better access, must contend with volatility in private capital flows. Beyond the need to assist middle-income countries in addressing these challenges, the case for continued engagement by international development institutions, derives from the increasing importance of these countries for a range of global public goods. With their growing role, and integration in the global economy, partnership with middle-income countries is a key element of global collective action, in such areas as reducing global poverty, maintaining international financial stability, improving global economic governance, protecting the global environmental commons, and fighting systemic health threats.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/08/1561470/middle-income-countries-development-challenges-growing-global-role
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2657
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/19566
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 2657
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABATEMENT
dc.subjectACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCOMES
dc.subjectBACKWARD AREAS
dc.subjectBACKWARD REGIONS
dc.subjectBANKING SECTOR
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEM
dc.subjectBLEND COUNTRIES
dc.subjectCAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
dc.subjectCOLLECTIVE ACTION
dc.subjectCOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectCOMPETITION POLICIES
dc.subjectCORPORATE GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCRISES
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEFLATION
dc.subjectDEREGULATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPED WORLD
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING WORLD
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC CRISES
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC PROGRESS
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL GOODS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORT PROMOTION
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectEXTERNAL SHOCKS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectFOREST MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGEOGRAPHICAL AREAS
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectGLOBAL INTEREST
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGNP
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHEALTH PROBLEMS
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHIGH GROWTH
dc.subjectHIGH POVERTY
dc.subjectIMPROVING GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL REFORM
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMARKET LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMONEY LAUNDERING
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY
dc.subjectNEGATIVE EFFECT
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectPENSION SYSTEM
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER- CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER-CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY AREAS
dc.subjectPOLICY ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectPOLICY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectPOLICY FRONT
dc.subjectPOLICY REFORMS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY REVIEW
dc.subjectPOOR COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY IMPACT
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIVATE TRANSFERS
dc.subjectPRO-POOR
dc.subjectPRO-POOR GROWTH
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKETS
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPROTECTIONISM
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOOD
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectREDUCING POVERTY
dc.subjectREGIONAL GROUPINGS
dc.subjectREGIONAL INEQUALITY
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRULE OF LAW
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSECTORAL POLICIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL INDICATORS
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECTORS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSTATE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSTATE INTERVENTION
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL POLICIES
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE SHOCKS
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURBAN HOUSEHOLDS
dc.titleMiddle-Income Countries : Development Challenges and Growing Global Roleen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleMiddle-Income Countries: Development Challenges and Growing Global Role
okr.date.disclosure2001-08-31
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T09:25:32.217463Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/08/1561470/middle-income-countries-development-challenges-growing-global-role
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.guid107991468764416573
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-2657
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_01090705105229
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum1561470
okr.identifier.reportWPS2657
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2001/11/22/000094946_01090705105229/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfen
okr.themeEconomic management :: Macroeconomic management
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicInternational Terrorism and Counterterrorism
okr.topicHealth Economics and Finance
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Poverty Assessment
okr.topicFiscal and Monetary Policy
okr.topicGovernance::Governance Indicators
okr.unitEconomic Policy Unit, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network; and the Development Prospects Group
okr.volume1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication979327ad-ac79-5a52-98ad-ee91fca9734d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery979327ad-ac79-5a52-98ad-ee91fca9734d
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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