Publication:
Droughts and Agriculture in Lebanon: Causes, Consequences, and Risk Management

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dc.contributor.authorAshwill, Maximillian
dc.contributor.authorVerner, Dorte
dc.contributor.authorChristensen, Jen
dc.contributor.authorMcdonnell, Rachael
dc.contributor.authorRedwood, John
dc.contributor.authorJomaa, Ihab
dc.contributor.authorSaade, Maurice
dc.contributor.authorMassad, Randa
dc.contributor.authorChehade, Ali
dc.contributor.authorBitar, Ahmad
dc.contributor.authorTreguer, David
dc.date.accessioned2018-10-23T20:40:08Z
dc.date.available2018-10-23T20:40:08Z
dc.date.issued2018-10-01
dc.description.abstractThis volume examines the causes and consequences of drought on Lebanon’s agriculture. Lebanon is getting hotter and dryer. Projections show droughts will likely become more frequent and severe. Climate change, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) impact the occurrence of drought to varying degrees, with NAO being the biggest short-term driver and climate change being the biggest long-term driver. The drier conditions will have important ramifications on Lebanon’s agricultural economy and the wellbeing of citizens working in agriculture. Ramifications include production declines and the loss of livelihoods, among others. Drought was not considered an important issue in the country until recently. But, that view is slowly changing as a series of droughts and other extreme weather events over the past decade demanded the nation’s attention. With greater awareness of drought, public institutions slowly begin to change, moving from reactionary responses to taking the first steps towards strategic planning. Still, much more can be done. These actions include: developing a national drought action plan, establishing drought monitoring systems, improving ministerial coordination, utilizing new technologies like Hydroponics and Early Warning Systems, improving the quantity and quality of climatic data, and other actions. The individual chapters of this volume were compiled using information from five commissioned background papers. These background papers relied on mostly secondary data sources. But, some primary data was collected as well. Through key informant interviews and focus group discussions, thirty stakeholders were consulted. They represent various research institutes, the private sector, government agencies, and civil society organizations. The purpose of this volume is to build off the 2013 book, Increasing Resilience to Climate Change in the Agricultural Sector of the Middle East: The Cases of Jordan and Lebanon (Verner et al. 2013). That book prioritized agricultural needs in Jordan and Lebanon, including knowledge generation and technological advancement. This volume adds to both topics.This report examines the causes and consequences of drought on Lebanon’s agriculture. It finds that Lebanon is getting hotter and dryer, while droughts will likely become more frequent and more severe. We see that climate change, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) may impact the occurrence of drought to varying degrees, with NAO being the largest short-term driver and climate change being the largest long-term driver. The drier conditions will have important ramifications on Lebanon’s agricultural economy and the wellbeing of citizens working in agriculture. Impacts from drier conditions include production declines, loss of livelihoods, and many others. Until recently, drought was not considered an important issue in the country, but that view is slowly changing because of a series of droughts and other extreme weather events that occurred over the past decade. With greater awareness of drought, public institutions have also slowly begun to change, moving from reactionary responses to taking the first steps towards strategic planning.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/892381538415122088/Droughts-and-Agriculture-in-Lebanon-Causes-Consequences-and-Risk-Management
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/30595
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/30595
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectDROUGHT
dc.subjectRAINFALL
dc.subjectMEAN TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectMEAN PRECIPITATION
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectCLIMATE IMPACT
dc.subjectWEATHER FORECASTING
dc.subjectEL NINO
dc.titleDroughts and Agriculture in Lebanonen
dc.title.subtitleCauses, Consequences, and Risk Managementen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleDroughts and Agriculture in Lebanon
okr.date.disclosure2018-10-01
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/892381538415122088/Droughts-and-Agriculture-in-Lebanon-Causes-Consequences-and-Risk-Management
okr.guid892381538415122088
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/30595
okr.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1596/30595
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b086329b3b_1_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum30462349
okr.identifier.report130405
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/892381538415122088/pdf/130405-WP-P160212-Lebanon-WEB.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeMiddle East and North Africa
okr.region.countryLebanon
okr.topicAgriculture::Climate Change and Agriculture
okr.topicEnvironment::Adaptation to Climate Change
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change and Environment
okr.topicEnvironment::Natural Disasters
okr.topicWater Resources::Drought Management
okr.unitAGRICULTURE GP MNA (GFA05)
relation.isAuthorOfPublication438cac05-2b93-5a75-b88b-66b9d571ca2e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery438cac05-2b93-5a75-b88b-66b9d571ca2e
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