Publication: ASEAN Capacity for Vaccine Research and Development and Production: Thailand Country Case Study
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2023-06-16
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2023-06-16
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COVID-19 has had a devastating effect on the ASEAN region, which has recorded over 27 million cases of the virus. Access to COVID-19 vaccination has significantly reduced the spread of the disease and limited the number of severe COVID-19 cases, but it has also impacted routine immunization coverage. Countless strategies have been developed to ensure vaccine equity, which were swiftly translated from political assessment to practical action; however, they failed to address the sustained growth of the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of variants of concerns, requiring ongoing vaccine booster doses. The pandemic revealed weaknesses in ASEAN's regional vaccine capacity, including in research and development, manufacturing infrastructure and human resources, which made the region particularly vulnerable during COVID-19 surges, as it was highly dependent on vaccine imports. Despite the existence of an established framework for ASEAN collaboration on vaccines, there has been minimal coordination between member states to collectively procure COVID-19 vaccines. Initial consultations with various stakeholders involved in vaccination and equitable access in the ASEAN region highlighted several gaps related to ensuring a sustained supply of quality vaccines throughout the life cycle, as well as several critical areas that require immediate attention. The political commitment to address these issues has been shaped by the evolving pandemic scenarios. The ASEAN Vaccine Security and Self-Reliance (AVSSR) initiative was launched just before the COVID-19 pandemic began and was agreed upon and endorsed by the region's ten leaders during the 34th ASEAN Summit in November 2019. Future regional strategies, policies and plans must ensure consistency with this important ASEAN initiative.
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“World Bank. 2023. ASEAN Capacity for Vaccine Research and Development and Production: Thailand Country Case Study. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/40377 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.”
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Countries with domestic COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing capacity prioritized domestic vaccine requirements over foreign needs, putting countries with limited production capabilities at a disadvantage. ASEAN countries, which overall have made limited investments in research and development of vaccines and biologicals, were highly dependent on imports, resulting in heightened vulnerability during COVID-19 surges. Despite the existence of an established framework for ASEAN coordination on vaccines, there has been minimal coordination between member states to collectively procure COVID-19 vaccines. Consequently, ASEAN countries have experienced a common set of challenges in navigating the complex global vaccine market to ramp up COVID-19 vaccination. Leaders of ASEAN member states have recognized the need for the region to be self-sufficient in vaccine research and manufacturing to effectively address future pandemics and build regional vaccine security. ASEAN must build regional capacity to develop, test efficacy, and scale up manufacture of vaccines, building on existing country-level strengths and avoiding duplication. While some evidence on regional vaccine manufacturing capacity for ASEAN exists, there has been limited research on the technical, operational, financing and strategic partnership opportunities that exist in the region and might be leveraged to advance regional vaccine security. To address this knowledge gap, the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (UK FCDO) and the World Bank initiated the ASEAN Vaccine Development and Manufacturing Research Project. This project complements the ASEAN Vaccine Security and Self-Reliance (AVSSR) Initiative and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) 2021 plan, and supports the November 2019 declaration of ASEAN leaders on regional vaccine security and self-reliance.
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