Publication:
Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change : Samoa

dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2013-03-14T20:54:25Z
dc.date.available2013-03-14T20:54:25Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.description.abstractOver the last two decades Samoa has suffered major damage from two cyclones in 1990-91, minor damage from a third cyclone in 2004, and an earthquake tsunami in 2009. Changes in the scale and impact of these types of natural disasters are likely to be important consequences of climate change for the country because the increases in sea level and in average sea surface temperatures will increase theintensity and damage from major storms. Other potential impacts are linked to changes in the weather patterns associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The primary concern focuses on the impact on agriculture, especially in periods of lower precipitation following strong El Niño episodes.This study examines the consequences of an increase in average temperatures of up to 1°C by 2050 and up to 2.75°C by 2100 for the frequency and intensity of major cyclones that hit the islands. Estimates of the economic damage caused by storms in the past have been used to calibrate a damage function that yields an estimated increase in the expected value of economic damage as the peak wind speeds for storms with return periods of 10, 50, or 100 years rise over time. In this framework the key element of adaptation is to ensure that buildings and other assets are designed to standards that enable them to cope with the greater wind stresses and more intense precipitation associated with worse storms.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/16441128/samoa-economics-adaptation-climate-change
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/12746
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/12746
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADAPTATION ACTIONS
dc.subjectADAPTATION ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectADAPTATION BENEFITS
dc.subjectADAPTATION COSTS
dc.subjectADAPTATION MEASURE
dc.subjectADAPTATION MEASURES
dc.subjectADAPTATION NEEDS
dc.subjectADAPTATION OPTIONS
dc.subjectADAPTATION PLANS
dc.subjectADAPTATION POLICIES
dc.subjectADAPTATION PROGRAM
dc.subjectADAPTATION PROJECTS
dc.subjectADAPTATION STRATEGY
dc.subjectADAPTATION TO CLIMATE
dc.subjectADAPTATION YIELDS
dc.subjectADAPTING
dc.subjectADVERSE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectALLOCATION
dc.subjectALLOWANCE
dc.subjectANNUAL COST
dc.subjectANNUAL PRECIPITATION
dc.subjectAPPROACH TO ADAPTATION
dc.subjectAVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL
dc.subjectAVERAGE LIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCAPITAL COSTS
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE DISCUSSION
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS
dc.subjectCLIMATE CONDITIONS
dc.subjectCLIMATE DAMAGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE DATA
dc.subjectCLIMATE HAZARDS
dc.subjectCLIMATE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE MODEL
dc.subjectCLIMATE MONITORING
dc.subjectCLIMATE OUTCOMES
dc.subjectCLIMATE RISK
dc.subjectCLIMATE RISKS
dc.subjectCLIMATE SCENARIO
dc.subjectCLIMATE SCENARIOS
dc.subjectCLIMATE TRENDS
dc.subjectCLIMATE VARIABLES
dc.subjectCLIMATIC HAZARDS
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCOASTAL FLOOD
dc.subjectCOASTAL ZONE ADAPTATION
dc.subjectCOLORS
dc.subjectCONSEQUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCONSERVATION AREAS
dc.subjectCOST OF ADAPTATION
dc.subjectCOST OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOST-BENEFIT
dc.subjectCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCOSTS OF ADAPTATION
dc.subjectCOSTS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOSTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCROP DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectCYCLONE INTENSITY
dc.subjectCYCLONES
dc.subjectDAMAGE FROM STORMS
dc.subjectDAMAGES
dc.subjectDEATH TOLL
dc.subjectDEFORESTATION
dc.subjectDISASTER
dc.subjectDISASTER MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectDISASTER PLANNING
dc.subjectDISASTER RISK
dc.subjectDISASTER RISK REDUCTION
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectDROUGHT
dc.subjectDROUGHT PERIODS
dc.subjectDROUGHTS
dc.subjectDRY PERIODS
dc.subjectDRY SCENARIO
dc.subjectDRY SEASON
dc.subjectDRY SEASONS
dc.subjectDRY SPELLS
dc.subjectEARLY WARNING
dc.subjectEARLY WARNING SYSTEM
dc.subjectEARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectEARTHQUAKE
dc.subjectEARTHQUAKES
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC COSTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPACT
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectECONOMICS OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectEFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectEFFECTIVENESS OF ADAPTATION
dc.subjectEL NINO
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS SCENARIOS
dc.subjectENSO
dc.subjectEXTREME EVENTS
dc.subjectEXTREME WEATHER
dc.subjectEXTREME WEATHER EVENTS
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFEASIBILITY
dc.subjectFIRE PREVENTION
dc.subjectFLOOD
dc.subjectFLOOD DAMAGE
dc.subjectFLOOD HAZARD
dc.subjectFLOOD PROTECTION
dc.subjectFLOODED
dc.subjectFLOODING
dc.subjectFLOODS
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectFOREIGN AFFAIRS
dc.subjectFOREST
dc.subjectFOREST FIRE
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectFORESTS
dc.subjectFUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS
dc.subjectGCM
dc.subjectGENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL
dc.subjectGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
dc.subjectGLOBAL HYDROLOGY
dc.subjectGLOBAL TEMPERATURES
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectHEAVY RAINS
dc.subjectHURRICANE
dc.subjectHURRICANE DAMAGE
dc.subjectHURRICANES
dc.subjectHYDROLOGY
dc.subjectIMPACT OF CLIMATE
dc.subjectIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectIMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION
dc.subjectIMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION OPTIONS
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE COSTS
dc.subjectINSURANCE POLICY
dc.subjectINTENSITY OF CYCLONES
dc.subjectINTENSITY OF STORMS
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLOSS FUNCTION
dc.subjectMAXIMUM TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectMEAN TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectMETEOROLOGY
dc.subjectMINIMUM TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectMINIMUM TEMPERATURES
dc.subjectNATIONAL ADAPTATION
dc.subjectNATIONAL CLIMATE
dc.subjectNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectNATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subjectNATURAL HAZARDS
dc.subjectNET COST
dc.subjectOCEAN TEMPERATURES
dc.subjectPRECIPITATION
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectRAIN
dc.subjectRAINFALL
dc.subjectRAINY SEASON
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectSEA LEVEL RISE
dc.subjectSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES
dc.subjectSEA WALLS
dc.subjectSEASON
dc.subjectSOUTHERN OSCILLATION
dc.subjectSTORM
dc.subjectSTORM DAMAGE
dc.subjectSTORM SURGE
dc.subjectSTORM SURGES
dc.subjectSTORMS
dc.subjectSURFACE TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectSURFACE TEMPERATURES
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE FOREST
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE
dc.subjectTEMPERATURES
dc.subjectTOTAL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectTOTAL COST
dc.subjectTOTAL COSTS
dc.subjectTROPICAL CYCLONES
dc.subjectTROPICAL STORMS
dc.subjectTSUNAMI
dc.subjectTSUNAMIS
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subjectWATER TREATMENT
dc.subjectWEATHER CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWEATHER PATTERNS
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectWIND DAMAGE
dc.subjectWIND DIRECTION
dc.subjectWIND SPEED
dc.subjectWIND SPEEDS
dc.subjectWIND VELOCITY
dc.subjectWMO
dc.subjectWORST-CASE
dc.titleEconomics of Adaptation to Climate Change : Samoaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaClimate Change
okr.date.disclosure2012-06-28
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T11:17:15.328421Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Other Environmental Study
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/16441128/samoa-economics-adaptation-climate-change
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.guid849221468326982416
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000425970_20120628134116
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum16441128
okr.identifier.report70271
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/28/000425970_20120628134116/Rendered/PDF/702710ESW0P10800PUBLIC000EACC0Samoa.pdfen
okr.region.countrySamoa
okr.topicScience and Technology Development::Science of Climate Change
okr.topicUrban Development::Hazard Risk Management
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Climate Change Economics
okr.topicEnvironment::Adaptation to Climate Change
okr.unitEnvironment Department (ENV)
okr.volume1 of 1
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