Publication:
Private Sector Pharmaceutical Supply and Distribution Channels in Africa : A Focus on Ghana, Malawi and Mali

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dc.contributor.authorMcCabe, Ariane
dc.contributor.authorSeiter, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorDiack, Aissatou
dc.contributor.authorHerbst, Christopher H.
dc.contributor.authorDutta, Sheila
dc.contributor.authorSaleh, Karima
dc.date.accessioned2013-05-28T21:50:29Z
dc.date.available2013-05-28T21:50:29Z
dc.date.issued2011-08
dc.description.abstractSustainable access to affordable, high-quality medicines is an important component in all health care systems but remains limited in many African countries. Supply and distribution of medicines are a fundamental aspect of the success of any health system. Disruptions to this supply undermine health outcomes as supply chains have an impact on the availability, cost, and quality of medicines for patients. Common problems associated with the supply and distribution of pharmaceuticals often include poor supply chain management, stock pilfering, insufficient human resources, and limited financing resulting in chronic stock outs. In resource-poor settings where public services fail to meet demand, the private and voluntary sectors are increasingly being called on, prompting some policy makers to consider private mechanisms as alternatives to state-run drug procurement and distribution systems. This study reviews some of the ways in which some countries in Africa organize their private pharmaceutical supply and distribution channels, focusing on three diverse countries: Ghana, Malawi, and Mali. It discusses some of the strengths and challenges associated with such arrangements, as well as relevant options to improve access, availability, quality and affordability of privately supplied pharmaceuticals.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/08/15476296/private-sector-pharmaceutical-supply-distribution-channels-africa-focus-ghana-malawi-mali
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/13590
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13590
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesHealth, Nutrition and Population (HNP) discussion paper;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO PRODUCTS
dc.subjectACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectADVERTISING
dc.subjectANALGESICS
dc.subjectANTIMALARIALS
dc.subjectARTISANS
dc.subjectASPIRIN
dc.subjectBAR CODES
dc.subjectBATCH NUMBERS
dc.subjectBATCHES
dc.subjectBRAND
dc.subjectBRAND NAME
dc.subjectBRAND NAME PRODUCTS
dc.subjectBRAND NAMES
dc.subjectBRANDS
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectBUSINESS MODEL
dc.subjectBUSINESS MODELS
dc.subjectBUSINESS PARTNERS
dc.subjectBUSINESSES
dc.subjectBUYER
dc.subjectBUYERS
dc.subjectCAPABILITIES
dc.subjectCARTONS
dc.subjectCERTIFICATION
dc.subjectCHEMISTS
dc.subjectCLINICS
dc.subjectCOLD CHAIN
dc.subjectCOLLECTION OF DATA
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCOMPUTER SYSTEMS
dc.subjectCONSUMER DEMAND
dc.subjectCONSUMER EDUCATION
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICES
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectDELIVERY SERVICES
dc.subjectDELIVERY SYSTEM
dc.subjectDIABETES
dc.subjectDISCLOSURE
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION NETWORK
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectDRUG DONATIONS
dc.subjectDRUG TESTING
dc.subjectDRUGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRONIC PAYMENT
dc.subjectELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectESSENTIAL DRUGS
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFAIR
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFINISHED PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFLOW OF GOODS
dc.subjectFLOW OF INFORMATION
dc.subjectFOREIGN CURRENCY
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectGENERIC DRUGS
dc.subjectGENERIC PRODUCTS
dc.subjectGOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT CONTRACTS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICY
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SERVICES
dc.subjectHARMONIZATION
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE WORKERS
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHOSPITALIZATION
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHYPERTENSION
dc.subjectINSPECTION
dc.subjectINSPECTIONS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ACTORS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMPANIES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectINVENTORIES
dc.subjectIRRATIONAL USE
dc.subjectLABORATORIES
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectLICENSE
dc.subjectLICENSES
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIMITED ACCESS
dc.subjectLOCAL MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectLOGISTICS COMPANIES
dc.subjectLOGISTICS SYSTEM
dc.subjectMARKET COMPETITION
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMARKET FORCES
dc.subjectMARKET INFORMATION
dc.subjectMARKET RESEARCH
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMARKET STUDIES
dc.subjectMARKET VALUE
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMATERIAL
dc.subjectMEDICAL STORES
dc.subjectMEDICAL SUPPLIES
dc.subjectMEDICINE
dc.subjectMEDICINES
dc.subjectMIDDLEMEN
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectNEW MARKETS
dc.subjectNEW TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectNURSES
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectPACKAGING
dc.subjectPARASTATALS
dc.subjectPATIENT
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPAYMENT TERMS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL DISPENSING
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL POLICY
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIERS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIES
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY
dc.subjectPHARMACIES
dc.subjectPHARMACISTS
dc.subjectPHARMACOLOGY
dc.subjectPHARMACY
dc.subjectPHARMACY PRACTICES
dc.subjectPILL
dc.subjectPOOLED PROCUREMENT
dc.subjectPRESCRIPTIONS
dc.subjectPRIVATE PHARMACIES
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTORS
dc.subjectPROCUREMENT
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKET
dc.subjectPRODUCT PRICING
dc.subjectPRODUCT QUALITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPURCHASING
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectQUALITY ASSURANCE
dc.subjectQUALITY CONTROL
dc.subjectQUALITY OF SERVICES
dc.subjectQUININE
dc.subjectRADIO
dc.subjectRADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
dc.subjectREGULATORY AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectREGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
dc.subjectRESULT
dc.subjectRESULTS
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL OUTLETS
dc.subjectRETAIL PHARMACIES
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectRETAIL SALES
dc.subjectRETAILING
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSITES
dc.subjectSPREAD
dc.subjectSTOCK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectSTOCKS
dc.subjectSTORAGE FACILITIES
dc.subjectSTORAGE SPACE
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectSUPERVISION
dc.subjectSUPPLIER
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN OPERATIONS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subjectSUPPLY MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectSUPPLY NETWORKS
dc.subjectSUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS
dc.subjectTABLETS
dc.subjectTARGETS
dc.subjectTECHNICAL STAFF
dc.subjectTHERAPIES
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL MEDICINES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SYSTEM
dc.subjectTURNOVER
dc.subjectUSER
dc.subjectUSER FEES
dc.subjectUSERS
dc.subjectVACCINES
dc.subjectVALUE CHAIN
dc.subjectVITAMINS
dc.subjectVOLATILITY
dc.subjectWAREHOUSE
dc.subjectWHOLESALE PRICES
dc.subjectWHOLESALER
dc.subjectWHOLESALERS
dc.subjectWHOLESALING
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKING CAPITAL
dc.titlePrivate Sector Pharmaceutical Supply and Distribution Channels in Africa : A Focus on Ghana, Malawi and Malien
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2011-11-15
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:46:49.384251Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/08/15476296/private-sector-pharmaceutical-supply-distribution-channels-africa-focus-ghana-malawi-mali
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid756351468194341354
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000386194_20111115235716
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum15476296
okr.identifier.report65601
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/11/15/000386194_20111115235716/Rendered/PDF/656010WP00PUBL00PvtSectorPharma0811.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.countryGhana
okr.region.countryMalawi
okr.region.countryMali
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Access to Markets
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::E-Business
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.topicPharmaceuticals and Pharmacoeconomics
okr.topicHealth
okr.topicNutrition and Population
okr.unitHealth, Nutrition & Population (AFTHE)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication8d6fe777-ecd9-594f-ad71-6caae07af3f6
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf0db8585-256f-5272-b725-a56ddc03f309
relation.isAuthorOfPublicatione816a4d0-f11d-5e40-b9f1-a5463712b586
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryf0db8585-256f-5272-b725-a56ddc03f309
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