Publication:
Opening Up the Markets for Seed Trade in Africa

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dc.contributor.authorKeyser, John C.
dc.date.accessioned2014-01-29T01:14:51Z
dc.date.available2014-01-29T01:14:51Z
dc.date.issued2013-10
dc.description.abstractDespite its vast agriculture potential, Africa is increasingly dependent on food imports from the rest of the world to satisfy its consumption needs. Food output has not kept pace with population growth, and more than 80 percent of production gains since 1980 have come from the expansion of cropped areas rather than from greater productivity of areas already cultivated. This paper looks at the current requirements for seed trade in Africa, the obstacles, status of ongoing plans for regional harmonization, challenges of harmonization, and opportunities for near-term improvement. With Africa increasingly dependent on food imports, regional economic communities have been discussing harmonized seed policies for many years. While agreement on key regulations pertaining to variety release, seed certification, and phytosanitary control is now falling into place, improved farmer access to quality seeds are many years away due to capacity limitations and legal obstacles. Without relying on complex rules, experience elsewhere shows there are many simple options for improved seed trade that African governments can implement directly while continuing to work towards full harmonization.en
dc.description.abstractEn dépit de son vaste potentiel agricole, l’Afrique est de plus en plus tributaire des importations alimentaires du reste du monde pour satisfaire ses besoins de consommation. La production alimentaire n’a pas suivi le rythme de la croissance démographique et plus de 80 % des gains de production depuis 1980 proviennent de l’expansion des superficies cultivées plutôt que d’une meilleure productivité des zones déjà cultivées (Rakotoarisoa et al. 2012). L’Afrique dépense actuellement environ 30 à 50 milliards de dollars US par an pour ses importations alimentaires, et sans une augmentation de l’offre continentale alimentaire, les experts prédisent que ce montant s’élèvera à 150 milliards de dollars US en 2030 (IFPRI, 2012). Cet article porte sur les exigences pesant actuellement sur le commerce des semences en Afrique, les contraintes qu’elles imposent, l’état des plans en cours pour l'harmonisation régionale, les défis de l'harmonisation et les possibilités d'amélioration à court terme. L'Afrique étant de plus en plus tributaire des importations alimentaires, les communautés économiques régionales ont discuté de politiques semencières harmonisées depuis de nombreuses années. Un accord sur les réglementations essentielles relatives à l'homologation des variétés, la certification semencière et le contrôle phytosanitaire est en cours d’élaboration, mais l'accès des agriculteurs à des semences de qualité ne s’améliorera probablement pas significativement avant plusieurs années en raison des contraintes de capacité et d’obstacles juridiques. L’expérience ailleurs montre que, sans s’appuyer sur des règles commerciales complexes, il existe un grand nombre d'options simples pour améliorer la commercialisation des semences. Celles-ci pourraient être appliquées directement par les gouvernements, en parallèle aux efforts entrepris pour atteindre une harmonisation complète.fr
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/10/18444842/opening-up-markets-seed-trade-africa
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/16659
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16659
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesAfrica trade practice working paper series;no. 2
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO FERTILIZER
dc.subjectACCESS TO MARKETS
dc.subjectADB
dc.subjectAFRICAN FARMERS
dc.subjectAGRIBUSINESS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE RESEARCH
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE RESEARCH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectAGRONOMIC PRACTICES
dc.subjectANALYSIS
dc.subjectAREA
dc.subjectARID TROPICS
dc.subjectASARECA
dc.subjectAVERAGE YIELDS
dc.subjectBIODIVERSITY
dc.subjectBIOSAFETY
dc.subjectBLUE
dc.subjectBORDER INSPECTIONS
dc.subjectBORDER TRADE
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPACITY LIMITATIONS
dc.subjectCASSAVA
dc.subjectCENTRE
dc.subjectCEREAL YIELDS
dc.subjectCERTIFICATION CAPACITY
dc.subjectCERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectCERTIFICATION STANDARDS
dc.subjectCERTIFIED SEED
dc.subjectCIMMYT
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL FARMERS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL SEED
dc.subjectCOMMERCIALIZATION
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY TRADE
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICES
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION
dc.subjectCOOPERATIVES
dc.subjectCOTTON
dc.subjectCOWPEA
dc.subjectCREDIT
dc.subjectCROP
dc.subjectCROP INPUTS
dc.subjectCROP PRODUCTION
dc.subjectCROP YIELDS
dc.subjectCULTIVATION
dc.subjectDATABASE
dc.subjectDEMAND
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR FOOD
dc.subjectDESTINATION
dc.subjectDISEASE RESISTANCE
dc.subjectDISEASES
dc.subjectDROUGHT TOLERANCE
dc.subjectECOLOGICAL ZONES
dc.subjectECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFAO
dc.subjectFARM
dc.subjectFARMER
dc.subjectFARMER GROUPS
dc.subjectFARMER INCOMES
dc.subjectFARMING
dc.subjectFARMING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectFARMS
dc.subjectFEED
dc.subjectFERTILIZER
dc.subjectFIELD CROPS
dc.subjectFLOWERS
dc.subjectFOOD
dc.subjectFOOD CROPS
dc.subjectFOOD IMPORTS
dc.subjectFOOD MARKETING
dc.subjectFOOD OUTPUT
dc.subjectFOOD POLICY
dc.subjectFOOD POLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectFOOD STAPLES
dc.subjectFOOD SUPPLY
dc.subjectGENETIC IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectGENETIC MAKEUP
dc.subjectGENETIC MATERIAL
dc.subjectGENETIC RESOURCES
dc.subjectGERMPLASM
dc.subjectGRAIN
dc.subjectGRAIN QUALITY
dc.subjectGREEN REVOLUTION
dc.subjectGROUNDNUTS
dc.subjectGROWING SEASON
dc.subjectHARVEST
dc.subjectHETEROSIS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectHYBRID CROP
dc.subjectHYBRID MAIZE
dc.subjectHYBRID SEED
dc.subjectHYBRID SEEDS
dc.subjectHYBRIDIZATION
dc.subjectHYBRIDS
dc.subjectICRISAT
dc.subjectIDENTITY
dc.subjectIFDC
dc.subjectIFPRI
dc.subjectINDICATORS
dc.subjectINFORMATION
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectINNOVATION
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FERTILIZER DEVELOPMENT CENTER
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MAIZE AND WHEAT IMPROVEMENT CENTER
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION CONVENTION
dc.subjectINTRA-REGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT
dc.subjectIRRI
dc.subjectIRRIGATION
dc.subjectLABELING
dc.subjectLABORATORY FACILITIES
dc.subjectLAND TENURE
dc.subjectLEGUMES
dc.subjectMAIZE
dc.subjectMAIZE YIELDS
dc.subjectMARKETS
dc.subjectMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
dc.subjectMILLET
dc.subjectMODEL
dc.subjectMOU
dc.subjectNASH
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNETWORK
dc.subjectORANGE
dc.subjectOWN SEED
dc.subjectPACKAGING
dc.subjectPEARL MILLET
dc.subjectPEAS
dc.subjectPLANS
dc.subjectPLANT BREEDERS
dc.subjectPLANT BREEDING
dc.subjectPLANT GENETIC RESOURCES
dc.subjectPLANT HEALTH
dc.subjectPLANT PESTS
dc.subjectPLANT PRODUCTION
dc.subjectPLANT PRODUCTS
dc.subjectPLANT PROTECTION
dc.subjectPLANT SPECIES
dc.subjectPLANT VARIETIES
dc.subjectPLANTS
dc.subjectPOOR FARMERS
dc.subjectPOPULATION
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULATIONS
dc.subjectPOTATO
dc.subjectPOTATOES
dc.subjectPOVERTY
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIVATE SEED COMPANIES
dc.subjectPRODUCE
dc.subjectPRODUCTION GAINS
dc.subjectQUALITY SEED
dc.subjectQUARANTINE
dc.subjectRECYCLING
dc.subjectREGION
dc.subjectREGIONAL AGREEMENT
dc.subjectREGIONAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectREGIONAL APPROACH
dc.subjectREGIONAL BASIS
dc.subjectREGIONAL FREE TRADE
dc.subjectREGIONAL GROUP
dc.subjectREGIONAL HARMONIZATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL INSTRUMENTS
dc.subjectREGIONAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL MARKET
dc.subjectREGIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectREGIONAL NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectREGIONAL PARTNERS
dc.subjectREGIONAL PROGRAM
dc.subjectREGIONAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectREGIONAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectREGIONAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONS
dc.subjectREMOTE AREAS
dc.subjectREPLANTING
dc.subjectRESEARCH
dc.subjectRESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectRICE
dc.subjectRURAL INCOME
dc.subjectRURAL INCOMES
dc.subjectSAFEGUARDS
dc.subjectSCIENCE
dc.subjectSEASONS
dc.subjectSEED
dc.subjectSEED CERTIFICATION
dc.subjectSEED COMPANIES
dc.subjectSEED COMPANY
dc.subjectSEED CROPS
dc.subjectSEED LAWS
dc.subjectSEED MULTIPLICATION
dc.subjectSEED POLICY
dc.subjectSEED PRODUCERS
dc.subjectSEED REFORM
dc.subjectSEED REGULATIONS
dc.subjectSEED SECTOR
dc.subjectSEED STOCKS
dc.subjectSEED SUPPLY
dc.subjectSEED SYSTEM
dc.subjectSEED TESTING
dc.subjectSEED TRADE
dc.subjectSEED TRADE ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectSEED TYPES
dc.subjectSEED VARIETIES
dc.subjectSEEDLINGS
dc.subjectSEEDS
dc.subjectSMALL FARMERS
dc.subjectSORGHUM
dc.subjectSOUTH AFRICA
dc.subjectSOYBEAN
dc.subjectSOYBEANS
dc.subjectSTAPLE FOODS
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE
dc.subjectSUGAR
dc.subjectSUNFLOWER
dc.subjectSWITZERLAND
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subjectTOBACCO
dc.subjectTRAINING
dc.subjectUNION
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS
dc.subjectUNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectUPOV
dc.subjectUSAID
dc.subjectVARIETY RELEASE
dc.subjectVEGETABLE SEED
dc.subjectVEGETABLES
dc.subjectWHEAT
dc.subjectYAM
dc.subjectYIELD GAIN
dc.subjectYIELD LOSS
dc.subjectYIELD REDUCTION
dc.titleOpening Up the Markets for Seed Trade in Africaen
dc.titleOuvrir les marchés au commerce des semences en Afriquefr
dc.title.alternativeOuvrir les marches au commerce des semences en Afriqueen
dc.title.alternativeOuvrir les marchés au commerce des semences en Afriquefr
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.date.disclosure2013-10-28
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:54:53.033714Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/10/18444842/opening-up-markets-seed-trade-africa
okr.globalpracticeAgriculture
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid916001468008985797
okr.guid185031468192527424
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000442464_20131028104148
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum18444842
okr.identifier.report81834
okr.language.supporteden
okr.language.supportedfr
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/10/28/000442464_20131028104148/Rendered/PDF/818340REVISED00o020379857B00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/185031468192527424/pdf/818340FRENCH0A00Box379865B00PUBLIC0.pdffr
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.topicCrops and Crop Management Systems
okr.topicAgriculture::Agricultural Research
okr.topicFood and Beverage Industry
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Regional Economic Development
okr.topicGeographical Information Systems
okr.topicIndustry
okr.txturlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/185031468192527424/text/818340FRENCH0A00Box379865B00PUBLIC0.txtfr
okr.unitAFT: PREM Front Office (AFTPM)
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