Publication:
European Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organization

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dc.contributor.authorHowse, Robert
dc.contributor.authorHoekman, Bernard
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-06T18:39:44Z
dc.date.available2012-06-06T18:39:44Z
dc.date.issued2007-08
dc.description.abstractAn important recent World Trade Organization dispute settlement case for many developing countries concerned European Union exports of sugar. Brazil, Thailand, and Australia alleged that the exports have substantially exceeded permitted levels as established by European Union commitments in the WTO. This case had major implications for both European Union sugar producers and developing countries that benefited from preferential access to the European Union market. It was also noteworthy in the use of economic arguments by the WTO dispute settlement panel, which held that the excess sugar exports were in part a reflection of illegal de facto cross-subsidization-rents from production that benefited from high support prices being used to cover losses associated with exports of sugar to the world market. Although in principle the economic arguments of the panel could apply to many other policy areas, in practice WTO provisions greatly limit the scope to bring similar arguments for trade in products that are not subject to explicit export subsidy reduction commitments of the type that were made for sugar and other agricultural commodities.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8193042/european-community--sugar-cross-subsidization-world-trade-organization
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4336
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/7299
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4336
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABSENCE OF AGREEMENT
dc.subjectAD VALOREM
dc.subjectADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectAGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL MARKETS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAPPELLATE BODY
dc.subjectAVERAGE VARIABLE COSTS
dc.subjectBEET SUGAR
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectCANE SUGAR
dc.subjectCOMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCONTRACTING PARTIES
dc.subjectCOST FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectCOUNTERVAILING DUTIES
dc.subjectCOUNTERVAILING MEASURES
dc.subjectCROSS SUBSIDIZATION
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectDISPUTE SETTLEMENT
dc.subjectDISPUTE SETTLEMENT PANEL
dc.subjectDISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCTION
dc.subjectDOMESTIC SUPPORT
dc.subjectDSB
dc.subjectDUE PROCESS
dc.subjectEUROPEAN UNION
dc.subjectEXPORT
dc.subjectEXPORT COMPETITION
dc.subjectEXPORT COMPETITION COMMITMENTS
dc.subjectEXPORT RESTRAINTS
dc.subjectEXPORT SALES
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDY
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectGLOBAL EXPORTS
dc.subjectGLOBAL WELFARE
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINTERNAL LAW
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL LAW
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENT
dc.subjectINTERPRETATIVE GUIDANCE
dc.subjectJUDGMENT
dc.subjectJURISDICTION
dc.subjectLDCS
dc.subjectLEGAL INTERPRETATIONS
dc.subjectLEGAL PROCEEDINGS
dc.subjectLEGAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST
dc.subjectMARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARGINAL REVENUE
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectNATIONAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectNET EXPORTS
dc.subjectNORMAL PROFITS
dc.subjectPANEL REPORT
dc.subjectPANEL REPORTS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPROHIBITED SUBSIDY
dc.subjectQUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectREDUCTION COMMITMENTS
dc.subjectRENTS
dc.subjectSUBSIDIZATION
dc.subjectSUBSIDIZED EXPORTS
dc.subjectSUGAR
dc.subjectSUGAR BEET
dc.subjectSUGAR CANE
dc.subjectSUGAR INDUSTRY
dc.subjectTAXPAYERS
dc.subjectTIMBER
dc.subjectTOTAL COSTS
dc.subjectTOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectTRADE LAW
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectTREATIES
dc.subjectTREATY INTERPRETATION
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectWAIVER OF RIGHTS
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleEuropean Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization and the World Trade Organizationen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleEuropean Community—Sugar : Cross-Subsidization And The World Trade Organization
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T09:56:44.783781Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/08/8193042/european-community--sugar-cross-subsidization-world-trade-organization
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid689791468150587628
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4336
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20070829093226
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum8193042
okr.identifier.reportWPS4336
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/08/29/000158349_20070829093226/Rendered/PDF/wps4336.pdfen
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicAgribusiness and Markets
okr.topicFood and Beverage Industry
okr.topicLaw and Development::Trade Law
okr.topicLaw and Development::Tax Law
okr.topicIndustry
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth
okr.topicRural Development
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication49a06ad1-63d4-5c3a-8b66-c6c3009e9cdf
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery49a06ad1-63d4-5c3a-8b66-c6c3009e9cdf
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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