Publication:
Myanmar : Rice Price Reduction and Poverty Reduction

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank Group
dc.date.accessioned2015-01-07T16:19:59Z
dc.date.available2015-01-07T16:19:59Z
dc.date.issued2014-10-04
dc.description.abstractMyanmar is a low-income agrarian country with a high poverty rate. The livelihood of many poor people depends on the performance of agriculture, especially the rice sector. Rice accounts for 70 percent of Myanmar s total cultivated area and 30 percent of the value of its agricultural production. Increasing returns to rice production will be the key to increasing farm wages and incomes in the short to medium run. Higher rice production will also help maintain low food prices, improve food security, and reduce poverty, as an average household spends 61 percent of total household income on food, and rice is a major component of the food basket. Price fluctuations are a common feature of well-functioning agricultural markets. Price fluctuation should be expected in such markets, since output varies from period to period due to factors such as weather, pests and disease, and because demand and supply are inelastic in the short run. Moreover, some amount of seasonal and spatial price movements should be tolerated, since these usefully signal scarcity in the market and facilitate a supply response, foster arbitrage between surplus and deficit regions, as well as guide post-harvest handling, storage and trade decisions. However, in the case of Myanmar s rice market, several factors serve to exacerbate price fluctuation and make them more pronounced and unpredictable (volatile) and lead to serious negative impacts for consumers and farmers. Rice price volatility is of concern to the Myanmar government given the high importance of rice for farm incomes and consumer expenditures, and thereby for food security and poverty reduction. On the production side, prices volatility inhibits farmers supply response and is a disincentive for greater use of purchased inputs and increased investments. Volatility can also discourage rice-producing farmers to diversify their cropping patterns to high-value crops if they cannot buy cereals for consumption at more predictable prices. On the consumption side, rice price spikes can cause increased food insecurity for those not wealthy enough to maintain consumption levels at the higher prices. For people spending 50 percent of their income on rice, a 20 percent temporary increase in rice prices would lead to an approximate 10 percent decline in effective income. This is a large shock, often equivalent to households spending on health and education.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/10/20420337/myanmar-rice-price-reduction-poverty-reduction
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/21119
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/21119
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACREAGE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL COMMODITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL GROWTH
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LAND
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL MARKETS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL POLICY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE SECTOR
dc.subjectARBITRAGE
dc.subjectAVERAGE PRICE
dc.subjectAVERAGE PRICES
dc.subjectBROKEN RICE
dc.subjectCEREAL PRICES
dc.subjectCHANGES IN PRICES
dc.subjectCOMMERCE
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE PRICES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONNECTIVITY
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE
dc.subjectCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER
dc.subjectCROPS
dc.subjectDEFICIT REGIONS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCTION
dc.subjectECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPORT
dc.subjectEXPORT PROMOTION
dc.subjectEXPORT TRADE
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXPOSURE
dc.subjectFAIR
dc.subjectFARM
dc.subjectFARM INCOMES
dc.subjectFARM PRICES
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFIXED PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOOD SAFETY
dc.subjectFOOD SECURITY
dc.subjectFOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN MARKETS
dc.subjectFUTURE PRICE
dc.subjectGEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGRAIN
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFF
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectLOCAL CURRENCY
dc.subjectLONG-TERM INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectLOWER COSTS
dc.subjectLOWER PRICE
dc.subjectLOWER PRICES
dc.subjectMAIN PRODUCING
dc.subjectMARKET INFORMATION
dc.subjectMARKET INTEGRATION
dc.subjectMARKET PARTICIPANTS
dc.subjectMARKET PRICE
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET SEGMENTATION
dc.subjectMARKET SITUATION
dc.subjectMARKET TRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectMARKET VOLATILITY
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMARKETING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectMARKETPLACE
dc.subjectMILLING
dc.subjectMILLING INDUSTRY
dc.subjectMILLS
dc.subjectMINIMUM PRICES
dc.subjectMOBILE PHONE
dc.subjectMONETARY FUND
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectNATIONAL ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectNEW MARKET
dc.subjectNEW MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPHONE NETWORK
dc.subjectPHYSICAL ACCESS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPRICE ADJUSTMENTS
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE COMPARISONS
dc.subjectPRICE CONTROLS
dc.subjectPRICE DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectPRICE FLUCTUATION
dc.subjectPRICE FLUCTUATIONS
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASE
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE LEVEL
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRICE MECHANISMS
dc.subjectPRICE MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectPRICE SPREAD
dc.subjectPRICE STABILITY
dc.subjectPRICE STABILIZATION
dc.subjectPRICE SUPPORT
dc.subjectPRICE UNCERTAINTY
dc.subjectPRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE STORAGE
dc.subjectPRODUCT QUALITY
dc.subjectPROTEINS
dc.subjectPUBLIC FINANCE
dc.subjectPURCHASING
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICE
dc.subjectREPUTATION
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectRICE PRICES
dc.subjectRISING PRICE
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSALE
dc.subjectSEASONAL FACTORS
dc.subjectSECURITY CONCERNS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSPREAD
dc.subjectSTOCK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectSTOCKS
dc.subjectSTORAGE CAPACITY
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectSUBSTITUTES
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSUPPLY SIDE
dc.subjectSURPLUS
dc.subjectTARIFF BARRIERS
dc.subjectTARIFF RATE
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX RATE
dc.subjectTOTAL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectVITAMINS
dc.subjectVOLUME
dc.subjectWAREHOUSE
dc.subjectWHOLESALE PRICE
dc.subjectWHOLESALE PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET PRICE
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD PRICE
dc.subjectWORLD RICE
dc.titleMyanmar : Rice Price Reduction and Poverty Reductionen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2014-11-24
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T09:19:46.933715Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Other Agricultural Study
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/10/20420337/myanmar-rice-price-reduction-poverty-reduction
okr.globalpracticeAgriculture
okr.guid510031468287383757
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000470435_20141124091447
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum20420337
okr.identifier.report89687
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/11/24/000470435_20141124091447/Rendered/PDF/896870WP0P14490rty0Reduction0Report.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryMyanmar
okr.sectorAgriculture, fishing, and forestry :: Crops
okr.sectorFinance :: Micro- and SME finance
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: Agricultural marketing and trade
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: Agro-industry
okr.themeFinancial and private sector development :: Other financial and private sector development
okr.themeTrade and integration :: Export development and competitiveness
okr.themeRural development :: Rural markets
okr.themeRural development :: Rural policies and institutions
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Climate Change Economics
okr.topicAgriculture::Agribusiness
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Access to Markets
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.unitAgriculture - GP (GFADR)
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