Publication:
Fertility Regulation Behaviors and Their Costs : Contraception and Unintended Pregnancies in Africa and Eastern Europe & Central Asia

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dc.contributor.authorLule, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Susheela
dc.contributor.authorChowdhury, Sadia Afroze
dc.date.accessioned2013-06-05T16:08:40Z
dc.date.available2013-06-05T16:08:40Z
dc.date.issued2007-12
dc.description.abstractThe report consists of three parts: global trends in fertility, contraceptive use and unintended pregnancies; studies of two regions (Africa and Eastern Europe/Central Asia) and two countries (Nigeria and Kazakhstan) on the costs of fertility regulation behaviors and provider attitudes towards contraceptive use. Fertility levels have declined steadily over the last three decades but the pace of decline varies among regions. Countries that have achieved a high level of contraceptive use have reached a lower fertility level. A gap continues to exist between actual and desired family size, resulting in unintended pregnancies. More than one-third of the pregnancies that occur are unintended and one in five pregnancies ends in induced abortion. Almost half of all induced abortions are unsafe, and the proportion of all abortions that are unsafe have increased during the last decade. Sixty-six percent of unintended pregnancies occur among women who are not using any method of contraception. Investing in quality family planning programs is a cost-effective way to address unmet need for contraception and reduce the risks of unsafe abortion, thereby improving maternal health. If contraception were provided to the 137 million women who lack access, maternal mortality will decline by 25-35 percent.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/12/9068966/fertility-regulation-behaviors-costs-contraception-unintended-pregnancies-africa
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/13783
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13783
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesHNP discussion paper series;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABORTION
dc.subjectABORTION COMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectABORTION RATE
dc.subjectABORTION SERVICES
dc.subjectACCESS TO ABORTION
dc.subjectACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectADOLESCENTS
dc.subjectAGE AT MARRIAGE
dc.subjectANTENATAL CARE
dc.subjectBABY
dc.subjectBEHAVIOR CHANGE
dc.subjectCHANGES IN FERTILITY
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD SURVIVAL
dc.subjectCHILDBEARING
dc.subjectCHILDBEARING INTENTIONS
dc.subjectCHILDBIRTH
dc.subjectCHILDREN PER WOMAN
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY SECURITY
dc.subjectCONDOM
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE COMMODITIES
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE INFORMATION
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE METHOD
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE USE
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVES
dc.subjectCULTURAL VALUES
dc.subjectDECLINE IN FERTILITY
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR CONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEXPOSURE TO PREGNANCY
dc.subjectFAMILY HEALTH
dc.subjectFAMILY HEALTH INTERNATIONAL
dc.subjectFAMILY INCOME
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING SERVICES
dc.subjectFAMILY SIZE
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectFERTILITY CONTROL
dc.subjectFERTILITY DECLINE
dc.subjectFERTILITY DECLINES
dc.subjectFERTILITY LEVELS
dc.subjectFERTILITY PREFERENCES
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATE
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATES
dc.subjectFERTILITY REGULATION
dc.subjectFERTILITY REGULATION METHODS
dc.subjectFERTILITY TRANSITION
dc.subjectFERTILITY TRENDS
dc.subjectFEWER CHILDREN
dc.subjectFIRST BIRTH
dc.subjectFISTULA
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH CONSEQUENCES
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD POVERTY
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectIDEAL FAMILY SIZE
dc.subjectIDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectILL HEALTH
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectIMPLICATIONS FOR POPULATION POLICY
dc.subjectIMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL
dc.subjectINCOMPLETE ABORTIONS
dc.subjectINEQUITIES
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT DEATHS
dc.subjectINTERCOURSE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN
dc.subjectIUD
dc.subjectLACK OF INFORMATION
dc.subjectLACK OF KNOWLEDGE
dc.subjectLARGER FAMILIES
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLEVELS OF FERTILITY
dc.subjectLOW FERTILITY
dc.subjectLOWER FERTILITY
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMATERNAL DEATHS
dc.subjectMATERNAL HEALTH
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO
dc.subjectMEDICAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectMETHOD OF BIRTH CONTROL
dc.subjectMETHOD OF CONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectMINIMAL MEDICAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectMINISTRIES OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMODERN CONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectMODERN CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
dc.subjectMODERN CONTRACEPTIVE USE
dc.subjectMODERN CONTRACEPTIVES
dc.subjectMODERN METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectNEWBORN
dc.subjectNEWBORN CARE
dc.subjectNUMBER OF ABORTIONS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectNUTRITIONAL STATUS
dc.subjectOBSTETRIC CARE
dc.subjectOBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
dc.subjectORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY
dc.subjectPACE OF DECLINE
dc.subjectPARENTAL LEAVE
dc.subjectPARENTHOOD FEDERATION
dc.subjectPLACE OF RESIDENCE
dc.subjectPOLICY DIALOGUE
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOPULATION DIVISION
dc.subjectPOPULATION ISSUES
dc.subjectPOST ABORTION
dc.subjectPOST ABORTION CARE
dc.subjectPOST-ABORTION
dc.subjectPOST-ABORTION CARE
dc.subjectPOST-ABORTION CONTRACEPTIVE
dc.subjectPOSTABORTION
dc.subjectPOSTABORTION CARE
dc.subjectPOST­ABORTION
dc.subjectPOST­ABORTION CARE
dc.subjectPRACTITIONERS
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPROVIDER ATTITUDES
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectQUALITY SERVICES
dc.subjectREDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE AGE
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH POLICIES
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATIONS
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENCE
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX PREFERENCES
dc.subjectSEXUAL INITIATION
dc.subjectSEXUAL PARTNERS
dc.subjectSEXUALLY ACTIVE
dc.subjectSMALL FAMILIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL CHANGE
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCE
dc.subjectSOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS
dc.subjectSTATUS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectTEENAGE PREGNANCIES
dc.subjectTEENAGERS
dc.subjectUNFPA
dc.subjectUNINTENDED PREGNANCIES
dc.subjectUNINTENDED PREGNANCY
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND
dc.subjectUNPLANNED PREGNANCIES
dc.subjectUNSAFE ABORTION
dc.subjectUNSAFE ABORTIONS
dc.subjectUNWANTED BIRTHS
dc.subjectUNWANTED PREGNANCIES
dc.subjectUNWANTED PREGNANCY
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVICIOUS CYCLE
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectYOUNG MEN
dc.subjectYOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subjectYOUNG WOMEN
dc.titleFertility Regulation Behaviors and Their Costs : Contraception and Unintended Pregnancies in Africa and Eastern Europe & Central Asiaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T11:54:34.821373Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/12/9068966/fertility-regulation-behaviors-costs-contraception-unintended-pregnancies-africa
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid320501468313772612
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333038_20080311075409
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum9068966
okr.identifier.report42795
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/11/000333038_20080311075409/Rendered/PDF/427950WP01NO0P1lityRegulationsFinal.pdfen
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Adolescent Health
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Reproductive Health
okr.topicGender::Gender and Health
okr.unitHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.volume1 of 1
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery8da5a113-4f6c-557b-8218-22ba95319b92
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