Publication:
Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps

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dc.contributor.authorCroppenstedt, Andre
dc.contributor.authorGoldstein, Markus
dc.contributor.authorRosas, Nina
dc.date.accessioned2013-04-11T20:35:24Z
dc.date.available2013-04-11T20:35:24Z
dc.date.issued2013-02
dc.description.abstractWomen make essential contributions to agriculture in developing countries, where they constitute approximately 43 percent of the agricultural labor force. However, female farmers typically have lower output per unit of land and are much less likely to be active in commercial farming than their male counterparts. These gender differences in land productivity and participation between male and female farmers are due to gender differences in access to inputs, resources, and services. In this paper, the authors review the evidence on productivity differences and access to resources. They discuss some of the reasons for these differences, such as differences in property rights, education, control over resources (e.g., land), access to inputs and services (e.g., fertilizer, extension, and credit), and social norms. Although women are less active in commercial farming and are largely excluded from contract farming, they often provide the bulk of wage labor in the nontraditional export sector. In general, gender gaps do not appear to fall systematically with growth, and they appear to rise with GDP per capita and with greater access to resources and inputs. Active policies that support women's access and participation, not just greater overall access, are essential if these gaps are to be closed. The gains in terms of greater productivity of land and overall production are likely to be large.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/17371511/gender-agriculture-inefficiencies-segregation-low-productivity-traps
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6370
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13171
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6370
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO LAND
dc.subjectACCESS TO RESOURCES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EXTENSION CENTERS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INFORMATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INNOVATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectCOMMON PROPERTY
dc.subjectCROPS
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDIET
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectEQUAL ACCESS
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEXTENSION
dc.subjectEXTENSION SERVICES
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFARMS
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE FARMERS
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMINIST
dc.subjectFEMINIST ECONOMICS
dc.subjectFERTILIZERS
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectGENDER DIMENSION
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER IMBALANCES
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER ROLES
dc.subjectGENDER SENSITIVITY
dc.subjectGENDERS
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectHEADS OF HOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUNGER
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINHERITANCE
dc.subjectINTEGRATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLAND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLAND OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectLAND REFORM
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLIFE SCIENCES
dc.subjectLITERACY
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK
dc.subjectMALES
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMARRIED MEN
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectNEW TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectNORMS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOLDER WOMEN
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectOWNERSHIP OF LAND
dc.subjectPOWER
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSCIENTISTS
dc.subjectSINGLE MEN
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL NETWORKS
dc.subjectSOCIETY
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS
dc.subjectUNMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWIDOWS
dc.subjectWIFE
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWILLS
dc.subjectWIVES
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWOMEN FARMERS
dc.subjectWOMEN IN AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectWOMEN IN SCIENCE
dc.subjectWOMEN SCIENTISTS
dc.subjectWOMEN WORKERS
dc.subjectAFRICA GENDER POLICY
dc.subjectGENDER INNOVATION LAB
dc.subjectWOMEN AND AGRICULTURE
dc.titleGender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Trapsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.crossref.titleGender and Agriculture: Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps
okr.date.disclosure2013-02-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T12:11:13.026799Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/17371511/gender-agriculture-inefficiencies-segregation-low-productivity-traps
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid957311468161359832
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6370
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20130221150818
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17371511
okr.identifier.reportWPS6370
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/02/21/000158349_20130221150818/Rendered/PDF/wps6370.pdfen
okr.relation.associatedurlhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/19493
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicCulture and Development::Anthropology
okr.topicRural Development Knowledge and Information Systems
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicGender::Gender and Health
okr.topicRural Development
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
relation.isAuthorOfPublication442e6ddc-d567-5db8-8fea-62f71781ad6a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery442e6ddc-d567-5db8-8fea-62f71781ad6a
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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