Publication:
Labor Market Developments During Economic Transition

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dc.contributor.authorRutkowski, Jan
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-21T20:22:57Z
dc.date.available2012-06-21T20:22:57Z
dc.date.issued2006-04
dc.description.abstractThe paper reviews labor market developments in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. It argues that the scarcity of productive job opportunities and the growing labor market segmentation are the two main labor market problems facing the transition economies. In the European transition economies the lack of jobs has led to persistent open unemployment. In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) it has led to hidden unemployment (underemployment and low productivity employment). Unemployment in the European transition economies is supported by the developed social safety net. In contrast, in the CIS for most workers unemployment is not an affordable option. They either stick to their old, unproductive jobs in unrestructured enterprises, or work in the informal sector, or resort to subsistence agriculture. Thus, underemployment in the CIS is a mirror image of unemployment in the European transition economies. Accordingly, the high employment-to-population ratios in many CIS countries do not necessarily signify favorable labor market performance. Instead they often indicate delayed enterprise restructuring, the maintenance of unsustainable jobs in uncompetitive firms, and the existence of a large informal sector as an employer of last resort. Labor market segmentation has been caused by a sharp increase in earnings differentials and the attendant increase in the incidence of low-paid jobs, by the polarization of regional labor market conditions, and finally by the growth of the informal sector offering casual, low-productivity jobs. Labor market segmentation and accompanying inequalities are more pronounced in the CIS than in the European transition economies.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6731315/labor-market-developments-during-economic-transition
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-3894
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/8710
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 3894
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADJUSTMENT COSTS
dc.subjectAVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectAVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE PRESSURE
dc.subjectDECLINING INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectDEMAND
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectDISMISSALS
dc.subjectEARLY RETIREMENT
dc.subjectEARNING
dc.subjectEMPLOYERS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT EFFECT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT SHARE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFIRING
dc.subjectFIRING COSTS
dc.subjectFULL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectHIGH EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectHIRING
dc.subjectHOURS OF WORK
dc.subjectINCOME SUPPORT
dc.subjectINFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectJOB DESTRUCTION
dc.subjectJOB LOSS
dc.subjectJOB LOSSES
dc.subjectJOB MATCHES
dc.subjectJOB OPENINGS
dc.subjectJOB SEARCH
dc.subjectJOB SECURITY
dc.subjectJOB SEPARATION
dc.subjectJOBLESS WORKERS
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLABOR
dc.subjectLABOR CONTRACT
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLABOR REALLOCATION
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLABOUR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOUR STATISTICS
dc.subjectLOW EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectLOW UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectLOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectLOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMOONLIGHTING
dc.subjectMORALE
dc.subjectNET JOB CREATION
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONS
dc.subjectOLDER WORKERS
dc.subjectOPEN UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectOWNERSHIP STRUCTURES
dc.subjectPART-TIME EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectPERMANENT EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectPERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectPRIMARY SOURCE
dc.subjectPRIVATE FIRMS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKET
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKET COMPETITION
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectREDUNDANT LABOR
dc.subjectREGULAR JOBS
dc.subjectRISING UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSELF EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYED ACCOUNT
dc.subjectSELFEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSERVICE SECTOR
dc.subjectSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS
dc.subjectSOCIALISM
dc.subjectSTAFF
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTEMPORARY JOBS
dc.subjectTOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectUNDEREMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED WORKERS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectWAGE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectWORK IN PROGRESS
dc.subjectWORKER
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORKING
dc.subjectWORKING HOURS
dc.titleLabor Market Developments During Economic Transitionen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.crossref.titleLabor Market Developments During Economic Transition
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T10:37:37.788074Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6731315/labor-market-developments-during-economic-transition
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.guid503261468019793470
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-3894
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000016406_20060417174352
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum6731315
okr.identifier.reportWPS3894
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2006/04/17/000016406_20060417174352/Rendered/PDF/wps3894.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Management and Relations
okr.topicEducation::Educational Policy and Planning
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Standards
okr.topicWork and Working Conditions
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication58d30fd0-5434-5ed6-9602-5b2fc7aabdc3
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery58d30fd0-5434-5ed6-9602-5b2fc7aabdc3
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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