Publication:
Labor Market Developments During Economic Transition

dc.contributor.author Rutkowski, Jan
dc.date.accessioned 2012-06-21T20:22:57Z
dc.date.available 2012-06-21T20:22:57Z
dc.date.issued 2006-04
dc.description.abstract The paper reviews labor market developments in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. It argues that the scarcity of productive job opportunities and the growing labor market segmentation are the two main labor market problems facing the transition economies. In the European transition economies the lack of jobs has led to persistent open unemployment. In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) it has led to hidden unemployment (underemployment and low productivity employment). Unemployment in the European transition economies is supported by the developed social safety net. In contrast, in the CIS for most workers unemployment is not an affordable option. They either stick to their old, unproductive jobs in unrestructured enterprises, or work in the informal sector, or resort to subsistence agriculture. Thus, underemployment in the CIS is a mirror image of unemployment in the European transition economies. Accordingly, the high employment-to-population ratios in many CIS countries do not necessarily signify favorable labor market performance. Instead they often indicate delayed enterprise restructuring, the maintenance of unsustainable jobs in uncompetitive firms, and the existence of a large informal sector as an employer of last resort. Labor market segmentation has been caused by a sharp increase in earnings differentials and the attendant increase in the incidence of low-paid jobs, by the polarization of regional labor market conditions, and finally by the growth of the informal sector offering casual, low-productivity jobs. Labor market segmentation and accompanying inequalities are more pronounced in the CIS than in the European transition economies. en
dc.identifier http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6731315/labor-market-developments-during-economic-transition
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8710
dc.language English
dc.publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseries Policy Research Working Paper; No. 3894
dc.rights CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holder World Bank
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subject ADJUSTMENT COSTS
dc.subject AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subject COMPETITIVE PRESSURE
dc.subject DECLINING INDUSTRIES
dc.subject DEMAND
dc.subject DISABILITY
dc.subject DISMISSALS
dc.subject EARLY RETIREMENT
dc.subject EARNING
dc.subject EMPLOYERS
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT EFFECT
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT LEVEL
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT SHARE
dc.subject EMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subject ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
dc.subject ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT
dc.subject ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subject FEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject FEMALE LABOR
dc.subject FEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subject FIRING
dc.subject FIRING COSTS
dc.subject FULL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject HIGH EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subject HIRING
dc.subject HOURS OF WORK
dc.subject INCOME SUPPORT
dc.subject INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject INFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subject JOB DESTRUCTION
dc.subject JOB LOSS
dc.subject JOB LOSSES
dc.subject JOB MATCHES
dc.subject JOB OPENINGS
dc.subject JOB SEARCH
dc.subject JOB SECURITY
dc.subject JOB SEPARATION
dc.subject JOBLESS WORKERS
dc.subject JOBS
dc.subject LABOR
dc.subject LABOR CONTRACT
dc.subject LABOR DEMAND
dc.subject LABOR FORCE
dc.subject LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subject LABOR MARKET
dc.subject LABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT
dc.subject LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subject LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS
dc.subject LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subject LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE
dc.subject LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION
dc.subject LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subject LABOR REALLOCATION
dc.subject LABOUR
dc.subject LABOUR FORCE
dc.subject LABOUR STATISTICS
dc.subject LOW EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject LOW UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subject LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subject MARKET ECONOMY
dc.subject MOONLIGHTING
dc.subject MORALE
dc.subject NET JOB CREATION
dc.subject OCCUPATIONS
dc.subject OLDER WORKERS
dc.subject OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES
dc.subject PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject PRIMARY SOURCE
dc.subject PRIVATE FIRMS
dc.subject PRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subject PRODUCT MARKET
dc.subject PRODUCT MARKET COMPETITION
dc.subject PUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subject REDUNDANT LABOR
dc.subject REGULAR JOBS
dc.subject RISING UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject SAFETY NET
dc.subject SELF EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject SELF-EMPLOYED ACCOUNT
dc.subject SELFEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject SERVICE SECTOR
dc.subject SKILLED LABOR
dc.subject SMALL BUSINESS
dc.subject SOCIALISM
dc.subject STAFF
dc.subject STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subject TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject TEMPORARY JOBS
dc.subject TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject TRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subject UNDEREMPLOYMENT
dc.subject UNEMPLOYED
dc.subject UNEMPLOYED WORKERS
dc.subject UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subject WAGE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subject WORK IN PROGRESS
dc.subject WORKER
dc.subject WORKERS
dc.subject WORKING
dc.subject WORKING HOURS
dc.title Labor Market Developments During Economic Transition en
dspace.entity.type Publication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionarea Jobs
okr.doctype Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctype Publications & Research
okr.docurl http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/04/6731315/labor-market-developments-during-economic-transition
okr.globalpractice Education
okr.globalpractice Social Protection and Labor
okr.identifier.doi 10.1596/1813-9450-3894
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum 000016406_20060417174352
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum 6731315
okr.identifier.report WPS3894
okr.language.supported en
okr.pdfurl http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2006/04/17/000016406_20060417174352/Rendered/PDF/wps3894.pdf en
okr.region.administrative Europe and Central Asia
okr.topic Social Protections and Labor :: Labor Management and Relations
okr.topic Education :: Educational Policy and Planning
okr.topic Social Protections and Labor :: Labor Markets
okr.topic Social Protections and Labor :: Labor Standards
okr.topic Work and Working Conditions
okr.unit Development Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume 1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication 58d30fd0-5434-5ed6-9602-5b2fc7aabdc3
relation.isSeriesOfPublication 26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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