Publication:
The Impact of Policies to Control Motor Vehicle Emissions in Mumbai, India

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dc.contributor.authorTakeuchi, Akie
dc.contributor.authorCropper, Maureen
dc.contributor.authorBento, Antonio
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-26T13:43:10Z
dc.date.available2012-06-26T13:43:10Z
dc.date.issued2006-11
dc.description.abstractThis paper examines the impact of measures to reduce emissions from passenger transport, specifically buses, cars, and two-wheelers in Mumbai. These include converting diesel buses to compressed natural gas (CNG), as the Indian Supreme Court required in Delhi, which would necessitate an increase in bus fares to cover the cost of pollution controls. The authors model an increase in the price of gasoline, which should affect the ownership and use of cars and two-wheelers, as well as imposing a license fee on cars to retard growth in car ownership. The impact of each policy on emissions depends not only on how the policy affects the mode that is regulated, but on shifts to other modes. The results suggest that the most effective policy to reduce emissions from passenger vehicles-in terms of the total number of tons of PM10 (particulate matter that measure less than or equal to 10 micrometers in aerodynamic diameter) reduced-is to convert diesel buses to CNG. The conversion of 3,391 diesel buses to CNG would result in an emissions reduction of 663 tons of PM10 a year, 14 percent of total emissions from transport. The bus conversion program passes the cost-benefit test. In contrast, the results suggest the elasticities of emissions from transport with respect to a gasoline tax and a tax on vehicle ownership are -0.04 and -0.10 respectively. As a consequence, it would take substantial increases in the gasoline tax or vehicle ownership tax to produce reductions in emissions similar to the bus conversion program. These results, however, reflect the low shares of cars and two-wheelers in the Mumbai emissions inventory and need not apply to cities, such as Delhi, where these shares are higher.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/11/7186273/impact-policies-control-motor-vehicle-emissions-mumbai-india
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4059
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/8996
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4059
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCIDENT ANALYSIS
dc.subjectAGGREGATE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION PROBLEM
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY MODELING
dc.subjectAMBIENT AIR
dc.subjectAMBIENT AIR QUALITY
dc.subjectARC ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectAVERAGE TRIP LENGTH
dc.subjectBICYCLING
dc.subjectBUS
dc.subjectBUS ACCESS
dc.subjectBUS FARE
dc.subjectBUS FARES
dc.subjectBUS RIDE
dc.subjectBUS RIDERSHIP
dc.subjectBUS SERVICE
dc.subjectBUS STOP
dc.subjectBUS SYSTEM
dc.subjectBUS SYSTEMS
dc.subjectBUSES
dc.subjectCAR
dc.subjectCAR OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectCARS
dc.subjectCLEAN AIR
dc.subjectCLEAN BUS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL VEHICLES
dc.subjectCOMMUTE TRIPS
dc.subjectCOMMUTERS
dc.subjectCOMMUTING
dc.subjectCOMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
dc.subjectCONGESTION
dc.subjectCOSTS OF TRAVEL
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIESEL BUS
dc.subjectDIESEL BUSES
dc.subjectDIESEL FUEL
dc.subjectDIESEL VEHICLES
dc.subjectDRIVING
dc.subjectELASTICITIES OF DEMAND
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF VEHICLE OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION FACTOR
dc.subjectEMISSION FACTORS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM PASSENGER VEHICLES
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORT
dc.subjectEMISSIONS PER PASSENGER
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS STANDARDS
dc.subjectENGINE
dc.subjectFARE
dc.subjectFARE BUS
dc.subjectFARE INCREASE
dc.subjectFRAMEWORK
dc.subjectGAS PRICE
dc.subjectGAS TAX
dc.subjectGASOLINE TAX
dc.subjectGOODS VEHICLES
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINJURY
dc.subjectINJURY ACCIDENTS
dc.subjectINTERSECTION
dc.subjectJOB LOCATIONS
dc.subjectJOURNEY
dc.subjectJOURNEY TO WORK
dc.subjectMILEAGE
dc.subjectMODAL SHARE
dc.subjectMODAL SHARES
dc.subjectMODE SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLE
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLE OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectMOTORCYCLES
dc.subjectNESTED LOGIT MODEL
dc.subjectNET BENEFITS
dc.subjectOXIDATION
dc.subjectOXIDATION CATALYSTS
dc.subjectPARTICULATE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectPARTICULATE MATTER
dc.subjectPASSENGER KILOMETERS
dc.subjectPASSENGER TRANSPORT
dc.subjectPASSENGER VEHICLES
dc.subjectPASSENGERS
dc.subjectPASSENGERS PER DAY
dc.subjectPERSONAL TRAVEL
dc.subjectPOLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY
dc.subjectPRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectPRICE OF GASOLINE
dc.subjectPRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLES
dc.subjectPRIVATE VEHICLE
dc.subjectPRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectPRIVATE VEHICLES
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSIT
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL BUS
dc.subjectRAIL LINES
dc.subjectRAIL NETWORK
dc.subjectRAIL STATION
dc.subjectRAIL STATIONS
dc.subjectREDUCTION IN EMISSIONS
dc.subjectREGISTRATION FEES
dc.subjectRIDERSHIP
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectROAD LENGTH
dc.subjectROUND TRIP
dc.subjectSCHOOL BUSES
dc.subjectSCOOTERS
dc.subjectSUBURBS
dc.subjectSULFUR
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAXIS
dc.subjectTOTAL TRIPS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAFFIC FATALITIES
dc.subjectTRAINS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT EMISSIONS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MODE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectTRAVEL DISTANCE
dc.subjectTRAVEL MODE
dc.subjectTRAVEL SPEED
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIME
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIMES
dc.subjectTRAVELERS
dc.subjectTRIP
dc.subjectTRIP GENERATION
dc.subjectTRIPS
dc.subjectTRUCKS
dc.subjectTRUE
dc.subjectTYPES OF TRIPS
dc.subjectTYPES OF VEHICLES
dc.subjectURBAN AIR QUALITY
dc.subjectURBAN TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectVALUE OF TIME
dc.subjectVEHICLE CLASS
dc.subjectVEHICLE FLEET
dc.subjectVEHICLE KILOMETERS
dc.subjectVEHICLE MILES
dc.subjectVEHICLE OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectVEHICLE TRAVEL
dc.subjectVEHICLE USAGE
dc.subjectVEHICLE USE
dc.subjectWALKING
dc.subjectWALKING TIME
dc.subjectWORK TRIP
dc.subjectWORK TRIPS
dc.titleThe Impact of Policies to Control Motor Vehicle Emissions in Mumbai, Indiaen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleThe Impact Of Policies To Control Motor Vehicle Emissions In Mumbai, India
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T07:21:33.258847Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/11/7186273/impact-policies-control-motor-vehicle-emissions-mumbai-india
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.guid966461468035342649
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-4059
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000016406_20061108091816
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum7186273
okr.identifier.reportWPS4059
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2006/11/08/000016406_20061108091816/Rendered/PDF/wps4059.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.topicUrban Development::Transport in Urban Areas
okr.topicUrban Transport
okr.topicRoads and Highways
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicTransport and Environment
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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