Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps

doi:10.1093/wbro/lks024

Publication:
Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps

dc.contributor.author	Croppenstedt, Andre
dc.contributor.author	Goldstein, Markus
dc.contributor.author	Rosas, Nina
dc.date.accessioned	2014-08-20T16:48:57Z
dc.date.available	2014-08-20T16:48:57Z
dc.date.issued	2013-02
dc.description.abstract	Women make essential contributions to agriculture in developing countries, where they constitute approximately 43 percent of the agricultural labor force. However, female farmers typically have lower output per unit of land and are much less likely to be active in commercial farming than their male counterparts. These gender differences in land productivity and participation between male and female farmers are due to gender differences in access to inputs, resources, and services. In this paper, we review the evidence on productivity differences and access to resources. We discuss some of the reasons for these differences, such as differences in property rights, education, control over resources (e.g., land), access to inputs and services (e.g., fertilizer, extension, and credit), and social norms. Although women are less active in commercial farming and are largely excluded from contract farming, they often provide the bulk of wage labor in the nontraditional export sector. In general, gender gaps do not appear to fall systematically with growth, and they appear to rise with GDP per capita and with greater access to resources and inputs. Active policies that support women's access and participation, not just greater overall access, are essential if these gaps are to be closed. The gains in terms of greater productivity of land and overall production are likely to be large.	en
dc.identifier.citation	World Bank Research Observer
dc.identifier.doi	10.1596/19493
dc.identifier.issn	1564-6971
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19493
dc.language.iso	en_US
dc.publisher	Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseries	World Bank Research Observer
dc.rights	CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holder	World Bank
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/
dc.subject	agricultural extension
dc.subject	agricultural extension centers
dc.subject	agricultural information
dc.subject	agricultural production
dc.subject	agriculture
dc.subject	crops
dc.subject	diet
dc.subject	equipment
dc.subject	extension
dc.subject	extension services
dc.subject	farmers
dc.subject	farms
dc.subject	fertilizers
dc.subject	gender
dc.subject	incomes
dc.subject	land development
dc.subject	land reform
dc.subject	livestock
dc.subject	new technologies
dc.subject	scientists
dc.title	Gender and Agriculture : Inefficiencies, Segregation, and Low Productivity Traps	en
dc.type	Journal Article	en
dc.type	Article de journal	fr
dc.type	Artículo de revista	es
dspace.entity.type	Publication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionarea	Gender
okr.date.disclosure	2014-08-01
okr.date.doiregistration	2025-05-06T11:04:11.803342Z
okr.doctype	Publications & Research::Journal Article
okr.globalpractice	Macroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpractice	Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpractice	Governance
okr.globalpractice	Transport and ICT
okr.globalpractice	Health, Nutrition, and Population
okr.identifier.doi	10.1093/wbro/lks024
okr.journal.nbpages	79-109
okr.language.supported	en
okr.peerreview	Academic Peer Review
okr.relation.associatedurl	https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13171
okr.topic	Culture and Development::Anthropology
okr.topic	Gender::Gender and Development
okr.topic	Gender::Gender and Health
okr.topic	Gender::Gender and Law
okr.topic	Macroeconomics and Economic Growth::Regional Economic Development
okr.topic	Rural Development::Regional Rural Development
okr.topic	Rural Development::Rural Development Knowledge & Information Systems
okr.topic	Agriculture::Crops & Crop Management Systems
okr.topic	Communities and Human Settlements::Housing & Human Habitats
okr.topic	Macroeconomics and Economic Growth::Political Economy
okr.volume	28(1)
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