Publication:
Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect?

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dc.contributor.authorSingh, Raju Jan
dc.contributor.authorBodea, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorHigashijima, Masaaki
dc.date.accessioned2014-12-03T14:50:07Z
dc.date.available2014-12-03T14:50:07Z
dc.date.issued2014-11
dc.description.abstractThis paper explores the conditions under which public spending could minimize violent conflict related to oil wealth. Previous work suggests that oil can lead to violent conflict because it increases the value of the state as a prize or because it undermines the state's bureaucratic penetration. Yet, little has been said on how oil wealth could be used to prevent the onset of violent conflict through public spending by buying off citizens and elites, increasing state legitimacy by providing basic services, or strengthening the military and security apparatus. The empirical analysis (148 countries over 1960-2009) shows that higher levels of military spending are associated with lower risk of small- and large-scale conflict onset in countries rich in oil and gas. By contrast, in economies with little natural resources, increases in military spending are associated with a higher risk of conflict. Welfare expenditure is associated with lower risk of small-scale conflict, irrespective of the level of oil revenue. However, general government spending does not appear to have any robust mitigating effects.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/11/20366887/oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect-oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7100
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/20607
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank Group, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper;no. WPS 7100
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADEQUATE EDUCATION
dc.subjectADULT LITERACY
dc.subjectARMED CONFLICT
dc.subjectARMED FORCE
dc.subjectARMED FORCES
dc.subjectARMS
dc.subjectBASIC HUMAN NEEDS
dc.subjectBATTLE
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCIVIL CONFLICT
dc.subjectCIVIL CONFLICTS
dc.subjectCIVIL LIBERTIES
dc.subjectCIVIL PEACE
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE
dc.subjectCIVIL UNREST
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCIVIL WARS
dc.subjectCOERCION
dc.subjectCOLD WAR
dc.subjectCONFLICT
dc.subjectCONFLICT MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectCONFLICT PREVENTION
dc.subjectCONFLICT RESEARCH
dc.subjectCONFLICT RESOLUTION
dc.subjectCONFLICT RISK
dc.subjectCONFLICT RISKS
dc.subjectCONFLICTS
dc.subjectCOST OF REBELLION
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY SCORE
dc.subjectDEPENDENCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISPUTES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC VIOLENCE
dc.subjectDURATION OF CONFLICT
dc.subjectDURATION OF PEACE
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectETHNIC DIVISIONS
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUP
dc.subjectETHNIC HETEROGENEITY
dc.subjectETHNIC POLITICS
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFIGHTING
dc.subjectFOUNDATIONS
dc.subjectGENOCIDE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POWER
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHIGH RISK
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION
dc.subjectIMF
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME PER CAPITA
dc.subjectINCREASE IN RISK
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINTERNAL CONFLICT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL SECURITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STUDIES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL WAR
dc.subjectINTERPERSONAL SKILLS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectJOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION
dc.subjectLACK OF DEMOCRACY
dc.subjectLEVEL OF POVERTY
dc.subjectLIMITED RESOURCES
dc.subjectLINGUISTIC FRACTIONALIZATION
dc.subjectLITERACY RATES
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectMATERIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectMILITARIZATION
dc.subjectMILITARY BUDGETS
dc.subjectMILITARY EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectMILITARY EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectMILITARY FORCES
dc.subjectMILITARY OPPOSITION
dc.subjectMILITARY PERSONNEL
dc.subjectMILITARY REGIMES
dc.subjectMILITARY SPENDING
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEFENSE
dc.subjectNATIONALISM
dc.subjectNATIONS
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectOBSERVER
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectPEACE
dc.subjectPEACE RESEARCH
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPERSONAL ENRICHMENT
dc.subjectPOLICE
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL INSTABILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL LEADERSHIP
dc.subjectPOLITICAL OPPOSITION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PROCESS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectPOLITICAL VIOLENCE
dc.subjectPOPULATION SIZE
dc.subjectPOPULOUS COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPOST-CONFLICT
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectQUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subjectREBEL
dc.subjectREBEL GROUP
dc.subjectREBEL GROUPS
dc.subjectREBEL RECRUITMENT
dc.subjectREBELLION
dc.subjectREBELS
dc.subjectRECONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectRELIGIOUS FRACTIONALIZATION
dc.subjectRESOURCE MOBILIZATION
dc.subjectREVOLUTIONS
dc.subjectRISK OF CONFLICT
dc.subjectRISKS OF CONFLICT
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECURITY FORCES
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSOCIAL COHESION
dc.subjectSOCIAL EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectSOCIAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECTORS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSTATE UNIVERSITY
dc.subjectTERRORISM
dc.subjectTOLERANCE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectVICTIMS
dc.subjectVIOLENT CONFLICT
dc.subjectVIOLENT CONFLICTS
dc.subjectVIOLENT MEANS
dc.subjectWAR DURATION
dc.subjectWAR ECONOMY
dc.subjectWAR PROJECT
dc.subjectWARFARE
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectYOUNG MALE
dc.subjectYOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subjectYOUNG SOLDIERS
dc.titleOil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect?en
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaFragility, Conflict, and Violence
okr.crossref.titleOil and Civil Conflict: Can Public Spending have a Mitigation Effect?
okr.date.disclosure2014-11-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T07:19:52.747777Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/11/20366887/oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect-oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.guid935541468249650759
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-7100
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20141110142112
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum20366887
okr.identifier.reportWPS7100
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/11/10/000158349_20141110142112/Rendered/PDF/WPS7100.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.countryHaiti
okr.topicPeace and Peacekeeping
okr.topicSocial Development::Social Conflict and Violence
okr.topicSocial Development::Post Conflict Reintegration
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicConflict and Development::Post Conflict Reconstruction
okr.unitOff of Sr VP Dev Econ/Chief Econ (DECVP)
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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