Publication:
Regional Trade Agreements

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dc.contributor.authorOrnelas, Emanuel
dc.contributor.authorFreund, Caroline
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T18:40:02Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T18:40:02Z
dc.date.issued2010-05-01
dc.description.abstractThis paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on regionalism. The formation of regional trade agreements has been, by far, the most popular form of reciprocal trade liberalization in the past 15 years. The discriminatory character of these agreements has raised three main concerns: that trade diversion would be rampant, because special interest groups would induce governments to form the most distortionary agreements; that broader external trade liberalization would stall or reverse; and that multilateralism could be undermined. Theoretically, all of these concerns are legitimate, although there are also several theoretical arguments that oppose them. Empirically, neither widespread trade diversion nor stalled external liberalization has materialized, while the undermining of multilateralism has not been properly tested. There are also several aspects of regionalism that have received too little attention from researchers, but which are central to understanding its causes and consequences.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100519101328
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5314
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3799
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5314
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAD VALOREM
dc.subjectAGGREGATE TRADE
dc.subjectANDEAN PACT
dc.subjectAPPAREL
dc.subjectAVERAGE TRADE
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO TRADE
dc.subjectBILATERAL AGREEMENT
dc.subjectBILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectBILATERAL TARIFFS
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectBLOC TARIFFS
dc.subjectBLOC TRADE
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCONSUMER GAINS
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICES
dc.subjectCONSUMER SURPLUS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION POSSIBILITIES
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS UNION
dc.subjectCUSTOMS UNION FORMATION
dc.subjectCUSTOMS UNIONS
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC FIRMS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC INDUSTRY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRODUCERS
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEUROPEAN UNION
dc.subjectEXPORT PRICES
dc.subjectEXPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectEXTERNAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectEXTERNAL SUPPLIERS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TARIFF
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TARIFF STRUCTURE
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TARIFFS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL TRADE POLICY
dc.subjectFACTOR ENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectFINAL GOODS
dc.subjectFIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN COUNTRIES
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN MARKET
dc.subjectFREE ACCESS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AREA
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AREAS
dc.subjectFREE-TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
dc.subjectGLOBAL FREE TRADE
dc.subjectGLOBAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectGLOBAL TRADE
dc.subjectGRAVITY EQUATION
dc.subjectGRAVITY MODEL
dc.subjectGRAVITY MODELS
dc.subjectHIGH TARIFFS
dc.subjectHOME MARKET
dc.subjectIMPORTED GOODS
dc.subjectIMPORTED PRODUCTS
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCREASING TRADE
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINTEREST GROUPS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COMPETITION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY
dc.subjectINTERREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINTRAREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT FLOWS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOBBYING
dc.subjectLOW-TARIFF COUNTRY
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET SEGMENTATION
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMARKET SHARES
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subjectMEMBER COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMEMBER COUNTRY
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL AGREEMENT
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL COOPERATION
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL EFFORTS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL FREE TRADE
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL LEVEL
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TARIFFS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE SYSTEM
dc.subjectMULTILATERALISM
dc.subjectMULTINATIONAL FIRM
dc.subjectNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectNET TRADE CREATION
dc.subjectOPENNESS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL ACCESS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL MARGIN
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL MARGINS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL PARTNERS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL RATES
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL REMOVAL
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TARIFF
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TARIFF REDUCTION
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TARIFFS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectPREFERENTIAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectPRODUCTION INEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVE USES
dc.subjectPROTECTIONIST
dc.subjectPROTECTIONIST DEVICES
dc.subjectRECIPROCITY
dc.subjectREGIONAL AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectREGIONAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONALISM
dc.subjectRULES OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectTARIFF CONCESSIONS
dc.subjectTARIFF EQUIVALENT
dc.subjectTARIFF REVENUE
dc.subjectTECHNICAL BARRIERS
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE BLOC
dc.subjectTRADE BLOCS
dc.subjectTRADE CONCESSIONS
dc.subjectTRADE COSTS
dc.subjectTRADE CREATING
dc.subjectTRADE CREATION
dc.subjectTRADE DATA
dc.subjectTRADE DIVERSION
dc.subjectTRADE EFFECTS
dc.subjectTRADE FLOWS
dc.subjectTRADE IN GOODS
dc.subjectTRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subjectTRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE MORE
dc.subjectTRADE OBJECTIVES
dc.subjectTRADE PARTNER
dc.subjectTRADE PARTNERS
dc.subjectTRADE PATTERNS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE PREFERENCES
dc.subjectTRADE REFORM
dc.subjectTRADE REGIME
dc.subjectTRADE REGIMES
dc.subjectTRADE RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectTRADE ROUNDS
dc.subjectTRADE SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRADE VOLUME
dc.subjectTRADE VOLUMES
dc.subjectTRADING BLOCS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectVOLUME OF TRADE
dc.subjectWAGE RATE
dc.subjectWELFARE GAINS
dc.subjectWELFARE LOSSES
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWORLD TRADING SYSTEM
dc.titleRegional Trade Agreementsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleRegional Trade Agreements
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:49:57.202143Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100519101328
okr.guid367221468337914543
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5314
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20100519101328
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum12281739
okr.identifier.reportWPS5314
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/05/19/000158349_20100519101328/Rendered/PDF/WPS5314.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.sectorIndustry and trade :: Other domestic and international trade
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication65ba4a02-ba22-5c96-8e04-6b9356d619e0
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery65ba4a02-ba22-5c96-8e04-6b9356d619e0
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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