Publication:
Vietnam : Export Performance in 1999 and Beyond

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2013-08-21T20:45:53Z
dc.date.available2013-08-21T20:45:53Z
dc.date.issued2000-06
dc.description.abstractChanges in trade policies have been an essential component of the "doi moi" policy implemented by the Government of Vietnam since 1986. Over the years, most export quotas have been lifted and export taxes have been reduced to generally low levels. In addition, export activities by the private sector (both domestic and foreign) have been increasingly encouraged, thus breaking the trade monopoly of a small number of state-owned enterprises. These reforms -together with sound macroeconomic management- have led to a rapid export and import growth. The structure of exports also changed. During the 1990s, Vietnam started to exploit its comparative advantage in labor-intensive manufactures. Export growth was led by light manufactures, dominated by the garment and footwear sectors. Also remarkable, despite the shrinking share of agricultural goods in total exports, was the strong rise in the volume of rice exports. In only few years Vietnam turned from being a net rice importer into the world's second largest exporter. The Asian crisis has interrupted Vietnam's trade expansion. In 1998, exports increased by a sluggish 2.1 percent. To avoid an external deficit, the Government imposed additional import restrictions which, together with slumping domestic demand, led to a 0.8% decrease in the value of imports. Of course, this downturn in export performance was not unique to Vietnam. It was observed across Asia. What is surprising, however, is the exceptional magnitude of the recovery in 1999. Table 3 shows that in 1999, Vietnam's exports grew by an impressive 23.4 percent, much faster than in most other Asian countries. While Indonesia is still struggling to recover from the crisis, exports expanded at a quick pace in Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines. None of these countries, however, came close to Vietnam's astonishing rate of export growth. As can be seen in this report, Vietnam's recovery is not exclusively an oil-related phenomenon. Non-oil exports also grew at a fast 16.3 percent. This paper takes a detailed look at the factors that explain this strong export performance in 1999 and asks whether such a high rate of export growth can be sustained in the year 2000 and beyond. The analysis relies on two type of sources: official trade data collected by the General Statistical Office (GSO) and Vietnam Customs, as well as information collected during a visit of 16 companies in the footwear and garment industries in Hanoi, Hai Phong, Bien Hoa and Ho Chi Minh City in May-June 2000. The visit included seven private domestic companies, four private foreign-owned enterprises, and five public enterprises. All these companies were among the largest and fastest growing exporters in 1999.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/2637903/vietnam-export-performance-1999-beyond
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/15272
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/15272
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectEXPORT PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectEXPORT RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectEXPORT TAXES
dc.subjectRICE & GRAINS
dc.subjectLIGHT INDUSTRY
dc.subjectTRADE EXPANSION
dc.subjectPRIVATE COMPANY
dc.subjectPUBLIC ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectFOREIGN CONTROLLED COMPANIES
dc.subjectOIL EXPORTING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPRICING
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectCAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectCHANGES IN TRADE
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICES
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectDEVALUATION
dc.subjectDOMESTIC DEMAND
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXPORT COMPANIES
dc.subjectEXPORT DATA
dc.subjectEXPORT EARNINGS
dc.subjectEXPORT EXPANSION
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKET
dc.subjectEXPORT PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectEXPORT PRICE
dc.subjectEXPORT QUOTAS
dc.subjectEXPORT SECTORS
dc.subjectEXPORT SHARE
dc.subjectEXPORT SUPPLY
dc.subjectEXPORT TAXES
dc.subjectEXPORT VALUE
dc.subjectEXPORT VOLUME
dc.subjectEXPORT VOLUMES
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFISHERIES
dc.subjectFORECASTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectIMPORT DEMAND
dc.subjectIMPORT RESTRICTIONS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMARKET SHARES
dc.subjectNEIGHBORING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL EXPORTS
dc.subjectOIL PRICE
dc.subjectOIL PRICES
dc.subjectOPENNESS
dc.subjectPARTNER COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE FLUCTUATIONS
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectREGIONAL DEMAND
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL REFORMS
dc.subjectTRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectTRADE ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectTRADE DATA
dc.subjectTRADE EXPANSION
dc.subjectTRADE MONOPOLY
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADING PARTNER
dc.subjectTRADING PARTNERS
dc.subjectVALUE OF EXPORTS
dc.subjectVALUE OF IMPORTS
dc.subjectWORLD DEMAND
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.titleVietnam : Export Performance in 1999 and Beyonden
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T12:11:06.367109Z
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/2637903/vietnam-export-performance-1999-beyond
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid186241468779146370
okr.guid941241468761994992
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000160016_20031029171742
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum2637903
okr.identifier.report26984
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/10/29/000160016_20031029171742/Rendered/PDF/269840English01performance01public1.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryViet Nam
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade and Regional Integration
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Free Trade
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Export Competitiveness
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.unitPREM Sector Department (EASPR)
okr.volume1 of 1
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