Publication:
Impacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazil

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dc.contributor.authorAnas, Alex
dc.contributor.authorTimilsina, Govinda R.
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T19:13:23Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T19:13:23Z
dc.date.issued2009-10-01
dc.description.abstractThis study examines impacts on net social benefits or economic welfare of alternative policy instruments for reducing traffic congestion and atmospheric emissions in São Paulo, Brazil. The study shows that expanding road networks, subsidizing public transit, and improving automobile fuel economy may not be as effective as suggested by economic theories because these policies could cause significant rebound effects. Although pricing instruments such as congestion tolls and fuel taxes would certainly reduce congestion and emissions, the optimal level of these instruments would steeply increase the monetary cost of travel per trip and are therefore politically difficult to implement. However, a noticeable finding is that even smaller tolls, which are more likely to be politically acceptable, have substantial benefits in terms of reducing congestion and emissions. Among the various policy instruments examined in the study, the most socially preferable policy option for São Paulo would be to introduce a mix of congestion toll and fuel taxes on automobiles and use the revenues to improve public transit systems.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027112258
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5099
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/4291
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPaper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5099
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAGGREGATE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAGGREGATES
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectANTI-SPRAWL
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAUTO TRAVEL
dc.subjectAUTO TRIPS
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE FUEL
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectAVERAGE TRAVEL TIME
dc.subjectAVERAGE TRIP LENGTH
dc.subjectBICYCLES
dc.subjectBICYCLING
dc.subjectBUS
dc.subjectBUS TRAVEL
dc.subjectBUS TRIPS
dc.subjectBUSES
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCALIBRATION
dc.subjectCAR
dc.subjectCAR FUEL
dc.subjectCAR MODES
dc.subjectCAR ON AVERAGE
dc.subjectCAR TRAVEL
dc.subjectCAR TRIPS
dc.subjectCAR USERS
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON EMISSIONS
dc.subjectCLEAN ENERGY
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION
dc.subjectCOMMUTERS
dc.subjectCOMMUTING
dc.subjectCONGESTION
dc.subjectCONGESTION CHARGING
dc.subjectCONGESTION CHARGING SCHEME
dc.subjectCONGESTION DELAY
dc.subjectCONGESTION EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectCONGESTION MITIGATION
dc.subjectCONGESTION PRICING
dc.subjectCONGESTION TOLLS
dc.subjectCONVERGENCE
dc.subjectCOST OF FUEL
dc.subjectCOST OF TRAVEL
dc.subjectCOST PER TRIP
dc.subjectCROSS ELASTICITY
dc.subjectCYCLISTS
dc.subjectDEMAND ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR CAR OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR TRAVEL
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIESEL COMBUSTION
dc.subjectDIVERGENCE
dc.subjectDRIVING
dc.subjectECONOMIC WELFARE
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEFFECT OF CONGESTION
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITIES OF DEMAND
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF CAR DEMAND
dc.subjectELECTRIC CARS
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectENERGY DATA
dc.subjectENERGY USE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectEQUATIONS
dc.subjectEXCESS FUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectEXCISE TAX
dc.subjectEXTREME VALUES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFUEL COST
dc.subjectFUEL COSTS
dc.subjectFUEL ECONOMY
dc.subjectFUEL ECONOMY OF CARS
dc.subjectFUEL EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectFUEL EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE
dc.subjectFUEL TAX
dc.subjectFUEL TAX RATES
dc.subjectFUEL TAXES
dc.subjectFUEL USE
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectGAS CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectGASOHOL
dc.subjectGASOLINE
dc.subjectGASOLINE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHIGH SPEEDS
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY CAPACITY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectHIGHWAY INVESTMENT
dc.subjectHIGHWAY NETWORK
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectIMPACT OF CONGESTION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLOCAL AIR QUALITY
dc.subjectLONGER DISTANCES
dc.subjectLOWER EMISSIONS
dc.subjectMARGINAL UTILITY
dc.subjectMOBILITY
dc.subjectMODAL SHARES
dc.subjectMODES OF TRAVEL
dc.subjectMONETARY COST
dc.subjectMONETARY COSTS
dc.subjectMOTORIZED TRANSPORT
dc.subjectNITROGEN
dc.subjectNITROGEN OXIDES
dc.subjectOZONE
dc.subjectOZONE PRECURSORS
dc.subjectPARTICULATE
dc.subjectPARTICULATE MATTER
dc.subjectPASSENGER
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPRICE OF GASOLINE
dc.subjectPRIVATE VEHICLE
dc.subjectPUBLIC ROADS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSIT
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL MASS TRANSIT
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSIT
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectRAPID INCREASE IN CAR OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectRATE OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectREVENUE NEUTRAL
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD CAPACITY
dc.subjectROAD CAPACITY EXPANSION
dc.subjectROAD CONGESTION
dc.subjectROAD EXPANSION
dc.subjectROAD IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectROAD INVESTMENT
dc.subjectROAD NETWORKS
dc.subjectROUND TRIP
dc.subjectSPEEDS
dc.subjectSPRAWL
dc.subjectSPRAWL POLICIES
dc.subjectSPREADING
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX REVENUE
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTOLL
dc.subjectTOTAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAFFIC CONGESTION
dc.subjectTRAFFIC EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectTRAFFIC SPEED
dc.subjectTRANSIT CAPACITY
dc.subjectTRANSIT FARES
dc.subjectTRANSIT IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectTRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectTRANSIT RIDERS
dc.subjectTRANSIT TRAVEL
dc.subjectTRANSIT TRIP
dc.subjectTRANSIT TRIPS
dc.subjectTRANSIT USERS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT EXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION RESEARCH
dc.subjectTRAVEL BY CAR
dc.subjectTRAVEL SPEED
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIME
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIMES
dc.subjectTRAVELERS
dc.subjectTRIP
dc.subjectTRIP BY CAR
dc.subjectTRIP DISTANCE
dc.subjectTRIP TIME
dc.subjectTRIPS
dc.subjectTRIPS BY CAR
dc.subjectTRIPS BY MODE
dc.subjectTRIPS PER DAY
dc.subjectTRUCKS
dc.subjectTUNNELS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN PLANNING
dc.subjectURBAN TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectUTILITY FUNCTION
dc.subjectVALUE OF TIME
dc.subjectVEHICLE EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectVEHICLE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectVEHICLE KILOMETERS
dc.subjectVEHICLE OCCUPANCIES
dc.subjectVEHICLE SPEED
dc.subjectVEHICLE TRAFFIC
dc.subjectVEHICLE-KILOMETERS
dc.subjectVEHICLES
dc.subjectVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
dc.subjectWALKERS
dc.subjectWALKING
dc.titleImpacts of Policy Instruments to Reduce Congestion and Emissions from Urban Transportation : The Case of São Paulo, Brazilen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleImpacts Of Policy Instruments To Reduce Congestion And Emissions From Urban Transportation : The Case Of Sao Paulo, Brazil
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T12:01:48.580197Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20091027112258
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.guid397321468230109657
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-5099
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20091027112258
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum11264107
okr.identifier.reportWPS5099
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/10/27/000158349_20091027112258/Rendered/PDF/WPS5099.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.countryBrazil
okr.region.geographicalSouth America
okr.region.geographicalAmerica
okr.sectorEnergy and mining :: General energy sector
okr.themeEnvironment and natural resources management :: Climate change
okr.themeEnvironment and natural resource management
okr.topicRoads and Highways
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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